Mononucleotides - Molecules with three parts – a 5-carbon pentose sugar, a nitrogen-containing base and a phosphate group – joined by condensation reactions., Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - A molecule that acts as the universal energy supply molecule in cells; it is made up of the base adenine, the pentose sugar ribose and three phosphate groups., Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - A nucleic acid that is the genetic material in many organisms. Does not contain uracil., Ribonucleic acid (RNA) - A nucleic acid which is the genetic material in some organisms and is involved in protein synthesis. Contains uracil. , Ribose - A pentose sugar that is part of the structure of RNA., Deoxyribose - A pentose sugar that is part of the structure of DNA., Purine base - A base found in nucleotides that has two nitrogen-containing rings., Pyrimidine base - A base found in nucleotides that has one nitrogen-containing ring., Adenine - A purine base found in DNA and RNA. In DNA it pairs with Thymine. , Guanine - A purine base found in DNA and RNA. Pairs with cytosine., Cytosine - A pyrimidine base found in DNA and RNA. Pairs with guanine. , Thymine - A pyrimidine base found in DNA. Pairs with adenine. , Uracil - A pyrimidine base found in RNA. Pairs with adenine. , Nucleic acids - Polymers made up of many nucleotide monomer units., Phosphodiester bond - Bond formed between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of the next nucleotide in a condensation reaction., Complementary base pairs - Complementary purine and pyrimidine bases which align in a DNA helix, with hydrogen bonds holding them together., Genome - The entire genetic material of an organism., Conservative replication - A model of DNA replication which suggests that the original double helix remains intact and in some way instructs the formation of a new, identical double helix made up entirely of new material., Semiconservative replication - The accepted model of DNA replication in which the DNA ‘unzips’ and new nucleotides align along each strand; each new double helix contains one strand of the original DNA and one strand made up of new material., Isotopes - Different atoms of the same element, with the same number of protons but a different number of neutron, same chemical properties.,

Nucleic acid terminology

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