Mongols (Chinggis Khan): Unified empire in 1206, Employed steppe diplomacy, pastoral nomads, shamanists, Little centralized governance, Destruction of cities (Baghdad in 1258), Bows, firelances, and horses, Safeguarded Silk Road, Fractured into khanates, Mongols (Yuan): Notable Leader: Kublai Khan, Adapted Chinese gunpowder + Mongol cavalry, Conquered Song dynasty in the South and unified China, strong bureacracy with Mongols at top then foreigners, Khanbaliq capitol, Religious Tolerant; favored Buddhism, Expanded Silk Road and introduced paper money, Known for combining Chinese culture with Mongol culture, Overthrown by Ming in 1368, Ottomans: Notable leader: Suleiman the Magnificent, Gunpowder and Janissaries, Constantinople seized in 1453, Istanbul was capitol, Centralized bureacracy with sultan at top, Sharia law for Muslims, Millets for other relgious groups, Devshirme system, Controlled trade routes, Cultural adaption instead of destruction (Hagia Sophia), Jizya tax on non-Muslims, The Abbasids: Baghdad was capitol (round city), Tigris and Euphrates rivers, House of Wisdom to encourage scholarship, Golden Age of Islamic culture, Destroyed by Mongols in 1258, eventually taken over by Ottomans in 1517,
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World Societies: Asia Review
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Medieval Societies
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