1) Human cells are classified as prokaryotic. True or False? a) True b) False 2) Bacteria contain a cell membrane, a cell wall, and a nuclear membrane around the nucleus. True or False? a) True b) False 3) A bacteriophage is a virus that specifically infects bacteria. True or False? a) True b) False 4) Which of the following is made up of a group of cells working together? a) Atom b) Molecule c) Tissue d) Organelle 5) Which of the following behaves as an electrolyte, separating into positive and negative ions in water in the body? a) Salts b) Lipids c) Proteins d) Nucleic acids 6) A phospholipid molecule consists of all of the following parts except: a) Glycerol backbone b) Fatty acid tails c) Phosphate group d) Nitrogen bases 7) Which organisms are capable of producing endospores to survive harsh conditions? a) Viruses b) Fungi c) Bacteria d) Protozoa 8) Which of the following names represents a cluster of spherical bacteria? a) Streptococci b) Bacilli c) Spirilla d) Staphylococci 9) What is the type of transport that moves oxygen from blood into cells? a) Active transport b) Osmosis c) Facilitated diffusion d) Simple diffusion 10) The common cold, influenza, and COVID-19 are caused by: a) Bacteria b) Fungi c) Viruses d) Protozoa 11) What is a primary function of the cell membrane? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) Regulating movement of substances in and out of the cell d) Storing genetic information 12) If the glucose concentration outside a cell is higher than inside, water will: a) Move into the cell by diffusion b) Remain unchanged c) Leave the cell by osmosis d) Move into the cell by active transport 13) The process that moves sodium ions from a lower concentration inside the cell to a higher concentration outside is: a) Osmosis b) Facilitated diffusion c) Active transport d) Simple diffusion 14) Cholesterol in the cell membrane functions to: a) Speed up diffusion b) Form proteins c) Increase rigidity and water resistance of the membrane d) Store energy 15) Which of the following statements about feedback mechanisms is correct? a) Positive feedback prevents change b) Negative feedback helps avoid sudden and severe changes c) Negative feedback enhances instability d) Feedback has no effect 16) Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by: a) A thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer lipid membrane b) A thick peptidoglycan wall and no outer lipid membrane c) No peptidoglycan at all d) Only a cell membrane 17) Which of the following is not a bacterial shape? a) Bacillus (rod) b) Coccus (sphere) c) Spirillum (spiral) d) Vibrio (comma-shaped) 18) Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission but can gain genetic variation by: a) Conjugation b) Transduction c) Transformation d) All of the above 19) Fats can be solid or liquid at room temperature. Butter contains single bonds between carbons and is solid at room temperature. What type of fat is this? a) Unsaturated fat b) Polyunsaturated fat c) Trans fat d) Saturated fat 20) Essential amino acids must be obtained by: a) Being produced inside the body b) Eating foods that contain them c) Stored in the liver d) Converted from fatty acids 21) Which food is a complete source of essential amino acids? a) Rice b) Corn c) Eggs d) Potatoes 22) What is one function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? a) Producing proteins b) Synthesizing lipids and breaking down some chemicals c) Making ribosomes d) Storing DNA 23) Which proteins form a protective layer and provide structural support in tissues? a) Actin and myosin b) Keratin and fibrin c) Collagen and elastin d) Hemoglobin and insulin 24) Which tissue type contains the most mitochondria? a) Nervous tissue b) Epithelial tissue c) Connective tissue d) Muscle tissue 25) What main activity takes place on ribosomes? a) Lipid synthesis b) Carbohydrate metabolism c) Protein synthesis d) ATP production 26) Which structures make up the cytoskeleton? a) Nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria b) Lysosomes, vesicles, Golgi c) Intermediate filaments, microtubules, microfilaments d) Cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA 27) Which life function does circulation describe? a) Movement of substances in body fluids b) Removal of wastes c) Gas exchange d) Energy production 28) Which life function describes responsiveness? a) Maintaining a stable internal environment b) Reacting to a change inside or outside the body c) Breaking down nutrients d) Producing proteins 29) What is the main function of respiration in the body? a) Distributing nutrients b) Obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide c) Pumping blood d) Storing energy 30) Which life process is described as the removal of metabolic waste? a) Secretion b) Digestion c) Excretion d) Circulation 31) Which of the following is a simple monosaccharide? a) Glycogen b) Starch c) Glucose d) Cellulose 32) Which organelle produces energy through aerobic respiration? a) Ribosomes b) Smooth ER c) Mitochondria d) Nucleus 33) Which structure directs protein synthesis in a cell? a) Ribosomes b) Smooth ER c) Nucleus d) Golgi apparatus 34) Which type of cells are characterized by having a nucleus? a) Prokaryotic cells b) Eukaryotic cells c) Bacterial cells d) Archaeal cells 35) Which organelle helps synthesize lipids and detoxify certain substances? a) Rough ER b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) Ribosomes d) Golgi apparatus 36) Which structure do bacteria have that animal cells lack? a) Nucleus b) Mitochondria c) Cell wall d) Chloroplast 37) Which of the following is found in all cells (bacteria and animal)? a) Cell membrane, DNA, and cytoplasm b) Nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria c) Lysosomes, Golgi, chloroplasts d) Cilia, vacuoles, nucleolus 38) Which receptors detect changes in blood pressure? a) Chemoreceptors b) Mechanoreceptors c) Baroreceptors d) Thermoreceptors 39) Which statement about water is correct? a) Water is nonpolar b) Water has ionic bonds c) Water is a polar molecule with polar covalent bonds d) Water molecules are held by peptide bonds 40) What is the bond between two amino acids called? a) Hydrogen bond b) Ionic bond c) Peptide bond d) Glycosidic bond 41) The backbone of DNA consists of: a) Lipid chains b) Sugar-phosphate chains c) Amino acids d) Nitrogen bases 42) Which bond type holds DNA base pairs together? a) Covalent bond b) Ionic bond c) Hydrogen bond d) Peptide bond 43) DNA and RNA are similar because: a) Both are double-stranded b) Composed of amino acids c) Made of nucleotides d) Contain thymine 44) What powers movement within the cell? a) Mitochondria b) Lysosomes c) Cytoskeletal elements d) Nucleus 45) What is the best definition of metabolism? a) Respond to stimuli b) Breakdown of food c) All chemical reactions d) Absorption of nutrients 46) Which description matches the anatomical position? a) Sitting with arms at side b) Lying down, face up c) Standing erect, palms forward d) Arms raised overhead 47) H₂O is an example of which level? a) Atom b) Molecule c) Organelle d) Tissue 48) The stomach represents which level? a) Cell b) Tissue c) Organ d) Organ system 49) What is the primary function of enzymes? a) Provide energy b) Building blocks of proteins c) Catalysts for reactions d) Store genetic information 50) Which structures are part of the integumentary system? a) Bones and muscles b) Heart and blood vessels c) Skin, hair, and nails d) Lungs and trachea 51) Which human cell has a flagellum? a) White blood cell b) Red blood cell c) Sperm cell d) Epithelial cell 52) Which transport requires energy (ATP)? a) Simple diffusion b) Facilitated diffusion c) Osmosis d) Active transport 53) What is the main component of cell membranes? a) Proteins b) Lipids c) Carbohydrates d) Nucleic acids 54) Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? a) Nucleus b) Mitochondria c) Ribosome d) Golgi apparatus 55) What is the role of ribosomes? a) DNA replication b) Protein synthesis c) Lipid production d) Energy storage 56) Which phase is the longest in the cell cycle? a) Prophase b) Metaphase c) Interphase d) Anaphase 57) What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? a) Energy production b) Protein modification c) DNA storage d) Lipid synthesis 58) Which process converts glucose into ATP? a) Photosynthesis b) Glycolysis c) Fermentation d) Transcription 59) What is the main function of chloroplasts? a) Protein synthesis b) Photosynthesis c) Cell division d) Lipid storage 60) Which molecule carries genetic information? a) RNA b) DNA c) Protein d) Lipid 61) What is a requirement for life? a) Water b) Plastic c) Metal d) Glass 62) Which is a plane of the body? a) Sagittal b) Horizontal c) Vertical d) Diagonal 63) What is mold? a) Fungus b) Bacteria c) Virus d) Algae 64) Archaea are similar to? a) Bacteria b) Plants c) Animals d) Fungi 65) What is an enveloped virus? a) Has lipid coat b) No protein c) No DNA d) No RNA 66) What is a naked virus? a) No lipid coat b) No protein c) No DNA d) No RNA 67) What is a viroid? a) Plant pathogen b) DNA virus c) Protein coat d) Cell wall 68) What is a virion? a) Complete virus b) Virus fragment c) Bacteria d) Fungus 69) Which is not a requirement for life? a) Plastic b) Water c) Energy d) Nutrients 70) Which plane divides the body into left and right? a) Sagittal b) Transverse c) Coronal d) Oblique 71) Mold belongs to which kingdom? a) Fungi b) Plantae c) Animalia d) Protista 72) Archaea thrive in? a) Extreme conditions b) Normal soil c) Freshwater d) Temperate forests 73) Enveloped viruses are sensitive to? a) Detergents b) Heat c) Cold d) Light 74) Naked viruses are resistant to? a) Detergents b) Heat c) Cold d) Light 75) Viroids infect? a) Plants b) Animals c) Fungi d) Bacteria 76) Virions are composed of? a) Nucleic acid b) Lipids c) Carbohydrates d) Minerals 77) Which is a characteristic of life? a) Reproduction b) Inactivity c) Decay d) Stagnation 78) Which plane divides the body into top and bottom? a) Transverse b) Sagittal c) Coronal d) Oblique 79) Mold reproduces by? a) Spores b) Seeds c) Buds d) Roots 80) Archaea are classified as? a) Prokaryotes b) Eukaryotes c) Viruses d) Fungi

Biology Basics review Quiz

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