1) The word " psychology " comes from ; a) Latin b) Spanish c) Greek d) Italian 2) Psychology is defined as the scientific study of ; a) People and things b) Emotion and beliefs c) Perception and religion d) Mind and behaviour 3) _ is the belief that the mind is fundamentally different from the body. a) Mindism b) Dualism c) Centralism d) Specialism 4) Watson and Skinner both contributed to which school of psychology a) Functionalism b) Cognitive c) Social-cultural d) Behaviourism 5) Which field of psychology would be most likely to study the influence of over-crowding on conformity? a) Personality b) Cognitive c) Clinical d) Social 6) Who is considered the " Father of modern psychology " ? a) Sigmund Freud b) Wilhelm Wundt c) William James d) John Watson 7) Which perspective in psychology emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts? a) Behavioral b) Cognitive c) Psychoanalytic d) Humanistis 8) The ability to store and retrieve information over time is known as? a) Sensation b) Memory c) Perception d) Cognition 9) The Psychological perspective that studies observable behavior without mental processes is ; a) Behaviorism b) Cognitive psychology c) Structuralism d) Humanism 10) Which research method invloves an in-depth study of a single person or small group? a) Experiment b) Case study c) Survey d) Naturalistic observation 11) The stage of sleep when vivid dreams occur is called; a) Stage 1 b) Stage 2 c) REM Sleep d) Stage 4 12) Piaget's stage when children develop object permanence is ; a) Preoperational b) Sensorimotor c) Concrete operational d) Formal operational 13) Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for vision? a) Frontal b) Temporal c) Occipital d) Parietal 14) The idea that behavior is learned through rewards and punishments is central to ; a) Psychoanalysis b) Behaviorism c) Humanism d) Structuralism 15) The tendency to overestimate personal responsibility for successes and blame failures on others is a) Self-serving bias b) Fundamental attribution error c) Projection d) Learned helplessness 16) Which part of the nervous system calms the body after stress rest and digest? a) Central nervous system b) Parasympathetic nervous system c) Sympathetic nervous system d) Endocrine system 17) A test that measures what it is supposed to measure has high; a) Reliability b) Validity c) Consistency d) Objectivity 18) The ability to produce many solutions to a problem is called; a) Convergent thinking b) Divergent thinking c) Functional fixedness d) Insight 19) Which sleep disorder involves sudden "attacks" of sleep during the day? a) Sleep apnea b) Insomia c) Narcolepsy d) Night terrors 20) Erik Erikson's stage of adolescence focuses on; a) Trust vs Mistrust b) Autonomy vs Shame c) Identity vs Role confusion d) Intimacy vs Isolation 21) Which of the following is not a major perspective in psychology? a) Behavioral b) Humanistic c) Astrological d) Cognitive 22) What is the main focus of cognitive psychology a) Observable behavior b) Unconscious desires c) Mental processes d) Social interactions 23) In operant conditioning, what is a consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated? a) Punishment b) Extinction c) Reinforcement d) Shaping 24) Which of the following is a type of descriptive research? a) Experiment b) Correlation c) Case study d) Survey 25) What does the term " nature vs nurture " refer to? a) the debate over whether psychology is a science or a humanity b) The debate over the relative contributions of genetics and environment to behavior c) The debate over whether animals have consciousness d) The debate over the effectiveness of different therapies 26) Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic life functions like breathing and heart rate? a) Cerebellum b) Medulla c) Hippocampus d) Amygdala 27) What is the purpose of the myelin sheath? a) To protect the neuron from damage b) To speed up the transmission of neutral impulses c) To produce neurotransmitters d) To regulate the neuron's metabolism 28) Which of the following is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward? a) Serotonin b) Dopamine c) Norepinephrine d) GABA 29) What is the process by which our sensory receptors convert stimuli into neural impulses? a) Perception b) Sensation c) Transduction d) Adaptation 30) Which type of learning involves associating two stimuli together? a) Operant conditioning b) Classical conditioning c) Observational learning d) Latent learning 31) What is the " Bobo Doll " experiment known for demonstrating? a) The effects of punishment on behavior b) The importance of reinforcement in learning c) The role of observational learning in aggression d) The principles of classical conditioning 32) What is the capacity of short-term memory? a) Unlimited b) About 20-30 seconds c) About 7 plus or minus 2 items d) Varies greatly from person to person 33) Which of the following is an example of heuristic? a) Algorithm b) Insight c) Trial and error d) Mental shortcut 34) What is the primary characteristic of a projective personality test? a) It uses standardized questionnaires with multiple choice answer b) It involves presenting ambiguous stimuli to elicit unique responses c) It relies on direct observation of behavior in a natural setting d) It measures specific traits using a numerical scale 35) What is another term for reinforcement is:  a) Stimulus b) Reward c) Response d) Condition 36) What is the main focus of cognitive psychology? a) Studying observable behavior b) Understanding mental processes c) Analyzing social interactions d) Treating mental disorders 37) What is the purpose of the control group in an experiment? a) To recieve the experimental treatment b) To serve as a baseline for comparison c) To confuse the participants d) To ensure everyone gets the treatment 38) What is the definition of " Correlation "? a) Cause and effect relationship b) A measure of how two variables are related c) A random occurrence d) A statistical error 39) Which part of the brain is responsible for basic life functions like breathing and heart rate? a) Cerebellum b) Cerebral cortex c) Brainstem d) Temporal lobe 40) What is the role of neurotransmitters in the brain? a) To carry electrical signals b) To transmit chemical messages between neurons c) To protect the brain from injury d) To regulate body temperature 41) Which of the following is a sleep disorders? a) Hyperactivity b) Insomia c) Euphoria d) Amnesia 42) What is classical conditioning? a) Learning through rewards and punishments b) Learning through association c) Learning by observing others d) Learning through insight 43) Who is known for his experiments on classical conditioning with dogs? a) B.F Skinner b) Ivan Pavlov c) John B. Watson d) Albert Bandura 44) What is the main idea behind Maslow's hierarchy of needs? a) People are motivated by unconscious desires b) People strive for self actualization after basic needs are met c) people are driven by rewards and punishments d) People are inherently selfish 45) Which of the following is a type of long-term memory? a) Sensory memory b) Short-term memory c) Procedural memory d) Working memory 46) The school of psychology whose goal was to identify the basic elements of experience was called? a) Experientialism b) Dualism c) Functionalism d) Structuralism 47) Freud championed ______ psychology. a) Psychodynamic b) Cultural c) Conscious d) Biodynamic 48) East Asian cultures tend to be more oriented toward ________ while Western cultures tend to be more oriented toward ___ a) Individualism/Sollectivism b) Cultural norms/Social norms c) Collectivism/Individualism d) Social norms/Cultural norms 49) Evolutionary psychology has its roots in ? a) Behaviourism b) Collectivism c) Functionalism d) Structuralism 50) Freud emphasized the role of ________ in shaping people’s personality a) Free will b) Unconscious desires c) Hormones d) Group influence

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