1) Which of the following is not true regarding viruses? a) They are smaller than bacteria b) They cannot replicate without a host cell c) They all have DNA d) They all have capsids e) Most of them are harmful to humans f) They are not living 2) Which of the following corresponds to a viral genome that has to be transcribed and translated? a) ss(+) RNA b) ss(-) RNA c) Segmented d) ds DNA 3) Which type of virus uses its RNA to make DNA? a) Bacteriophage b) Retrovirus c) Adenovirus d) Influenza e) SARS CoV 2 4) Which type of virus only targets bacterial cells? a) Bacteriophage b) Retrovirus c) Adenovirus d) Influenza e) SARS CoV 2 5) Which type of attachment and entry is impossible for naked (non-enveloped viruses)? a) Endocytosis b) Membrane fusion c) Genetic injection d) Exocytosis e) Lytic f) Lysogenic 6) What type of vaccines are approved currently for SARS CoV 2? a) Live-attenuated b) Inactive c) Subunit d) Recombinant e) mRNA f) DNA 7) Which type of vaccine (that has been used in the past) is the most effective? a) Live-attenuated b) Inactive c) Subunit d) Recombinant e) mRNA f) DNA 8) What is the purpose of vaccinations? a) To induce an immune response in those getting them b) To reach herd immunity c) To induce immune response in those getting them and also to reach herd immunity d) To ensure everyone in a community is immune 9) Which process involves amplifying (making many copies) of a nucleotide sequence and is also used to test for COVID-19? a) PCR b) Transcription c) Translation d) Gene editing 10) Which of the following cells produce antibodies? a) T cells b) Helper T cells c) Memory B cells d) Plasma cells (B cells) e) Macrophages f) Natural killer cells 11) What 2 things do antibodies do to help lesson the effect of a viral infection (select both)? a) Bind to the antigens to stop the viruses from entering more cells. b) Bind to the B cells and cause the virus to be engulfed by the B cells. c) Raise your body temperature (fever) so that your body naturally kills of the virus. d) Binds to the genetic material, blocking entry of the virus into other cells. e) Bind to the antigen and mark the virus for destruction by other immune cells f) Acts as a transcription suppressor, preventing the DNA of the virus from being transcribed. 12) How many phases of human trials are there during vaccine development? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 13) The SARS CoV-2 viral mRNA is modified for the vaccine. What is the purpose of adding the poly a tail? a) It serves as a "landing zone" (binding site) for RNA polyermase b) It adds structure to the spike protein so it is more similar to that of one actually bound to a virus c) It protects the spike protein mRNA from being degraded

Biochem Unit 5 Review - Viruses!

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