Statistics - The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data, Variable - A characteristic or attribute that can take on different values, Data - Information collected about variables, Random variable - A variable whose value is determined by chance, Population - The entire group being studied, census - A survey that collects data from every member of the population, sample - A subset of the population used to draw conclusions, Descriptive - Methods for organizing and summarizing data, inferential - methods for making predictions or generalizations from a sample to a population, qualitative - Data that describe categories or qualities, quantitative - Data that are numerical and measurable, discrete  - Numerical data that can only take specific values (counted), continuous - Numerical data that can take any value (measured), nominal - Data classified into categories with no order, ordinal - Data with categories that can be ranked, interval - Ordered data with meaningful differences but no true zero, ratio - Ordered data with meaningful differences and a true zero point, random sample - Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen., systematic sample - Selecting every kth member of the population., stratified sample - Dividing the population into groups and sampling from each., cluster sample - Dividing the population into groups and sampling entire groups., convenience sample - Using data that are easiest to obtain., volunteer sample - Subjects choose to participate., observational study - A study where data are observed and recorded without intervention., experimental study - A study where researchers apply treatments and observe outcomes., treatment group - the group that receives the experimental treatment, control group - the group that does not receive the treatment, Hawthorne effect - When subjects change behavior because they know they're being observed, Confounding - Extra factors that can affect the results of a study, Placebo effect - When participants respond to a fake treatment as if it were real,

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