1) Which of the following is a primary source? a) A history textbook about Martial Law b) A diary written during Martial Law c) A documentary film made in 2015 about Martial Law d) A research paper analyzing Martial Law 2) Which is an example of a secondary source? a) A photograph taken during EDSA People Power Revolution b) An autobiography of Corazon Aquino c) A newspaper article published in 2023 about EDSA 1986 d) A speech delivered by Ferdinand Marcos in 1972 3) Which statement shows a fact? a) “Rizal is the national hero of the Philippines.” b) “Rizal is more heroic than Bonifacio.” c) “Rizal’s novels are the most interesting in history.” d) “Rizal’s ideas were the best for Filipinos.” 4) A bias can be best described as: a) A balanced judgment b) A proven historical truth c) A well-researched conclusion d) A personal or unfair preference 5) Why is it important to identify primary sources? a) They always contain opinions. b) They replace the need for secondary sources. c) They are easier to read than secondary sources. d) They provide direct evidence from the time of the event. 6) Which statement expresses an opinion? a) “The Philippines became independent on June 12, 1898.” b) “The Spanish period was the worst time in Philippine history.” c) “President Manuel Quezon established the National Language.” d) “The first Philippine Republic was established in Malolos, Bulacan.” 7) When analyzing news, identifying bias helps students to: a) Accept all information as true b) Ignore the writer’s perspective c) Avoid forming any opinion at all d) Recognize hidden motives or one-sided views 8) When a student observes repeated cases of illegal logging and concludes that “weak law enforcement encourages deforestation,” the student is making a/an: a) Bias b) Fact c) Inference d) Opinion 9) You are researching about climate change. Which source should you treat as primary? a) A textbook chapter on environmental problems b) A politician’s opinion column on global warming c) A recent science journal article summarizing past research d) An interview with a scientist who conducted climate research 10) A student reads: “Our city mayor is the most caring leader in the entire country.” What skill is needed to recognize this statement as biased? a) Identifying bias b) Forming inferences c) Identifying primary sources d) Distinguishing fact from opinion 11) Which situation shows a student distinguishing fact from opinion? a) Discussing lessons with classmates b) Reading a book about Philippine festivals c) Writing an essay about corruption d) Saying, “The Philippines is an archipelago” versus “The Philippines is the best country.” 12) A historian reads multiple testimonies about Martial Law and then forms a conclusion that media freedom was greatly suppressed. What skill is applied? a) Identifying bias b) Forming generalizations c) Identifying primary sources d) Distinguishing fact from opinion 13) After reviewing survey data on unemployment, a student concludes: “Lack of job opportunities in rural areas contributes to migration to cities.” This is an example of: a) Identifying bias b) Identifying secondary source c) Distinguishing fact from opinion d) Forming inference and conclusion 14) You are tasked to write about human rights issues. You consult the Bill of Rights in the Philippine Constitution, and also read a professor’s analysis of it. To be accurate, you must know that: a) Both are primary sources b) Both are secondary sources c) The Constitution is a primary source, and the analysis is secondary d) The Constitution is a secondary source, and the analysis is primary 15) Racial discrimination has caused wars and terrorism among groups of people and nations. a) Conclusion b) Fact c) Inference d) Opinion

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