lumbar stenosis (cause) - narrowing of spinal canal in one or more lumbar vertebrae, lumbar stenosis (characteristics) - neural compression, leg pain, weakness, weak reflex, spina bifida (cause) - neural arches of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and fuse posterior to the vertebral canal. Related to folic acid deficiency., spina bifida (characteristics) - two types: occulta (no back issues), cystica = severe. Spinal cord herniation in severe cases., Nucleus pulposus herniation (cause) - flexion of back causes anterior compression and stretch/tension posterior, causing nucleus pulposus to be squeezed posteriorly to thinnest part of annulus fibrosus., Nucleus pulposus herniation (characteristics) - lower back pain and limb pain, posteriolateral herniation, pressure on longitudinal ligaments (acute), spinal nerve compression (chronic), Sciatica (cause) - Hernoated IV disc compresses L5/S1 component of sciatic nerve due to violent rotation and flexing vertebral column, Sciatica (characteristics) - Lumbar IV foramen reduced in size and spinal nerves increase in size. Worsened by stretching, sciatic nerve via thigh flexion and leg extension, Vertebrae fracture dislocation (cause) - flexion compression injury caused by forceful forward movement fall onto butt, heavy weight on shoulder etc), Vertebrae fracture dislocation (characteristics) - T12, L1, L2 (T12 most common), Causes fracture of articular facets and rupture of interspinous ligaments, Costovertebral joint dysfunction (cause) - acute trauma: whiplash, fall. chronic: poor posture, scoliosis. Degenerative changes: OA, ankylosing spondylitis. inflammatory diseases: RA, septic arthritis, Costovertebral joint dysfunction (characteristics) - Pain and impaired mobility at articulation between rib heads and thoracic vertebrae. Worse with deep breaths and thoracic roation/extension. , Spondylolysis (cause) - defect in pars articularis, spondylolisthesis (cause) - anterior slippage of one vertebrae over another, Spondylolysis (characterstics) - localized lower back pain, spondylolisthesis (characteristics) - localized lower back pain and neurological symptoms, Flexion/distraction (seatbelt) injuries (cause) - Injury from seatbelt hitting the abdomen, especially in children. , Flexion/distraction (seatbelt) injuries (charcateristics) - Children: affects L2 & L3. Adults: affect thoracolumbar junction. Damage posterior ligamentous process (supra/infraspinous), Excess thoracic kyphosis - osteoporosis and anterior erosion of one or more vertebrae leading to horizontal trabecular bone on vertebral body = hunchback, Scoliosis - Caused by hemivertebra or herniated IV disc leading to abnormal lateral curvature and rotation of vertebrae.,

TBL 5 Thoracolumbar conditions

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