Paleolithic Age - also called the "Old Stone Age", when people lived as hunters and gatherers, using simple stone tools and moving often to find food., Neolithic Age - Also called the "New Stone Age", when people began farming, settling in villages, and using advanced stone tools., Neolithic Revolution - The major change when humans shifted from hunting and gathering to farming and domesticating animals, which allowed permanent settlements and the growth of civilizations., Fertile Crescent - A curved region in the Middle East with rich soil and rivers, where the earliest farming and civilizations began., Agriculture - The practice of farming, including growing crops and raising animals for food and resources., Hieroglyphics - The writing system of Egypt that used pictures and symbols to represent words and sounds., Irrigation - A system of bringing water to crops through channels, ditches or pipes to help them grow in dry areas., City-state - An independent city that rules itself and the land around it., Civilization - A complex society with cities, government, social classes, specialized jobs, writing and culture., Dynasty - A series of rulers from the same family, often lasting for many generations., Empire - A large area of land and people controlled by one ruler or government, often made up of many different cultures., Institution - An organized system in society that shapes people's lives, such as government, religion or education., Pictographic Script - An early form of writing that uses pictures to stand for words or ideas., Cultural Diffusion - The spread of ideas, customs, technologies and beliefs from one culture to another., Mesopotamia - "Land between the rivers" (Tigris and Euphrates), where some of the first civilizations developed., Cuneiform - The world's first writing system, developed by the Sumerians, using wedge-shaped marks pressed into clay tablets., Ten Commandments - A set of religious and moral laws which influenced later legal systems., Code of Hammurabi - One of the world's first written law codes, known for its "eye for eye" style of justice. , Ziggurat - A large, pyramid-shaped temple built in Mesopotamia to honor the gods., Technology - The use of tools, inventions and skills to solve problems and make life easier.,

Early Civilizations

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