What do we mean by a 'balanced diet'? - A balanced diet is a diet that includes appropriate proportions of all the different nutrient groups - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids/fats, vitamins, minerals and water., Which 3 nutrient groups do we need to consume in large quantities (other than water)? - Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids/fats., Which type of nutrient provides most of the energy we need each day? - We get the majority of the energy we need each day from carbohydrates. However, lipids are also used for energy, and even proteins can be broken down for energy if necessary., What units do we use to measure the energy that we consume in food? - For food, we often use calories or kilojoules (kJ)., State and explain 3 factors that affect how much energy a person requires each day. - 1. Activity level - the more active you are, the more energy you need. 2. Age - teenagers often need a lot of energy because they are growing, whereas older people need less. 3. Pregnancy - pregnant women need more energy because the baby growing inside them needs more energy., What is the relationship between the terms: 'lipids', 'oils', and 'fats'? - Lipids refers to both fats and oils. If the lipid is solid at room temperature we can call it a fat, if it is liquid at room temperature we can call it an oil., What is the main use of carbohydrates? - To provide energy for chemical reactions., What are the 2 main uses of lipids? - 1. to provide energy for chemical reactions. 2. to insulate us from warm/cold., What is the main function of proteins? - to provide the material for building things, such as organs and cells. this means proteins are important for development, growth and repair., What are the similarities and differences between vitamins and minerals? - Similarities: vitamins and minerals are both essential for healthy growth and required in small quantities. Differences: vitamins are organic compunds, so are produced by living organisms and made from carbon atoms. Minerals are very simple charged particles and are not made by living organisms., What is the role of vitamin A? - It is important in maintaining good vision, healthy hair and healthy skin., What happens if we don't get enough vitamin C? - Vitamin C deficiencies can lead to scurvy., What is the role of calcium? - Calcium helps to build strong bones with the help of phosphorous and vitamin D., Explain why it is important that we get enough iron in our diet. - Iron is an important component of haemoglobin, which is the protein in red blood cells that allows them to transport oxygen around the body. A lack of iron (and hence a lack of haemoglobin), can lead to anaemia - a condition in which we can't transport enough oxygen to our tissues., What is the role of fibre? - Fibre helps food to move through our intestines and helps prevent diarrhoea or constipation., Roughly how much of our body mass is water? - 70%, What is the role of vitamin D? How is it made? - Vitamin D helps us absorb calcium. We can synthesise (make) vitamin D using sunlight.,

Nutrients

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