Functional Deficits: Struggles to express ideas during discussions or when retelling stories at home, Unable to complete tasks or home routines independently, Has trouble making and keeping friends, Peers frequently ask for repetition, avoids speaking during group activities, Speech is often unintelligible, even to familiar listeners, becomes frustrated or anxious when talking, Cannot sustain attention or engagement from peers, Cannot participate in back-and-forth interactions with caregivers, Cannot communicate basic needs without frustration, dependent on adult prompting, Struggles to decode new words and comprehend grade-level reading material, Cannot organize thoughts to complete oral or written assignments, Unable to describe past events or explain what happened in a way others understand, Has difficulty following conversations and instructions involving new or abstract vocabulary, Requires separate or modified meals, family mealtimes are stressful and disruptive, At risk for respiratory illness, requires extra supervision during meals, Others cannot understand verbal messages, Skill Deficits: Limited MLU, difficulty with sentence formulation, Difficulty understanding multi-step directions, Poor topic maintenance, Produces /r/, /s/, /l/ incorrectly, Final consonant deletion, Repetitions and blocks during speech, Hoarse or strained vocal quality, Limited Joint attention, minimal use of gestures or vocalizations, limited initiation with device, difficulty identifying sounds in words, Poor planning and sequencing in language tasks, Limited story grammar elements, Reduced vocabulary knowledge, immature tongue movements, Food texture aversions, Delayed swallow initiation, signs of aspiration, uneven skill development across languages,

Functional v. Skill Deficits

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