Mixed Layer - Upper 200m of the ocean where light can penetrate and wind can generate waves, Deep Layer - Bottom 1000+ m of ocean where light is completely absorbed and wind energy cannot be transferred, Ocean Wave - Movement of energy through the water driven by persistent strong wind pushing against the ocean surface. These waves can get up to 6m high., Capillary Wave - Movement of energy through the water driven by weak winds pushing against the surface of the ocean. These waves reach only a few cm in amplitude. , Tsunami Wave - Displacement of the entire water column. This transfers an enormous amount of kinetic energy across entire ocean basins., Crest - Top most point of a wave , Trough - Bottom most point of a wave, Amplitude - Height of a wave from the surface of the ocean to the top of its crest (or bottom of its trough), Wavelength - Width of a wave from crest to crest (or from trough to trough), Oscillation - Movement of matter back and forward around an equilibirum point, Wind Strength - How much kinetic energy a wind has and can transfer into the ocean, Wind Duration - How long a wind persistently blows for this can transfer more kinetic energy into the ocean, Wind Fetch - Uninterupted distance over which a wind can blow without being interrupted by land masses, Constructive Interference - When the crests of two waves meet and overlap they combine to make a wave twice as high, Destructive Interference - When the trough of one wave meets the crest of another wave these cancel out to make no wave at all, Rogue Waves - Abnormally tall wave made by constructive interference of two or more ocean waves meeting up, Tide - The regular rise and fall of sea level caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun on Earth's ocean - this occurs twice every 24h, High Tide - The maximum sea level reached during a tidal cycle, this occurs when a location on Earth rotates into a tidal bulge, Low Tide - The lowest sea level reached during a tidal cycle, this occurs when a location on Earth rotates out of a tidal bulge, Tidal Range - The vertical difference in height between high tide and low tide - this is most extreme during Spring Tides, Spring Tide - A tide with the largest tidal range, occurring when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned (new moon and full moon)., Neap Tide - A tide with the smallest tidal range, occurring when the Sun and Moon are at right angles to each other relative to Earth (first quarter and last quarter moons)., Tidal Bulges - The areas of the ocean where water is pulled into a bulge due to the Moon’s (and to a lesser extent the Sun’s) gravity on the near side, and due to inertia on the far side of Earth. These create high tides., Tidal Flooding - The temporary inundation of normally dry land by seawater during exceptionally high tides, often worsened by storm surges or sea-level rise., Aphelion - Point in Earth's orbit around the sun where it is far away from the Sun as possible - this occurs once a year and weakens tides, Perihelion - Point in Earth's orbit around the sun where it gets as close as possible to the sun - this occurs once a year and strengthens tides, Apogee - Point in the Moon's orbit around the Earth where it gets as far away from the Earth as possible - this occurs once a month and weakens tides, Perigee - Point in the Moon's orbit around the Earth where it gets as close to Earth as possible - this occurs once a month and strengthens tides , King Tide - Extra strong tide that occurs when the Earth is at perihelion, the Moon is at perigee, so there is extra tidal pulling creating larger tidal bulges,

13ESS Oceans - Waves & Tides

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