1) Vaccine for small pox is discorvered by a) Louis Pasteur b) Alexander Fleming c) Edward Jenner d) John Mendal 2) Which of the following is NOT a way microorganisms are beneficial? a) Producing curd and bread b) Decomposing organic matter c) Causing diseases d) Fixing nitrogen in the soil 3) Which of the following is a viral disease?  a) malaria b) Tuberculosis c) Cholera d)  chickenpox 4) How do vaccines help protect against diseases? a) They kill the disease-causing microorganisms directly. b) They stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies. c) They act as a barrier, preventing the entry of microorganisms. d) They neutralize the toxins produced by microorganisms. 5) Which of the following is a method to control the spread of mosquito-borne diseases? a) Dumping waste properly b) Controlling mosquito breeding sites c) Maintaining good hygiene d) Taking antibiotics 6) What is the role of Rhizobium bacteria? a) Producing antibiotics b) Fixing nitrogen in the soil c) Causing food spoilage d) Producing vaccines 7) What is the process called where microorganisms break down complex organic matter into simpler substances? a) Fermentation b) Decomposition c) Nitrogen fixation d) Vaccination 8) Which of the following statements about viruses is most accurate? a) Viruses are prokaryotic cells that can reproduce independently. b) Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that contain genetic material but lack cellular machinery. c) Viruses are fungi that cause diseases like Athlete's Foot and Ringworm. d) Viruses are single-celled organisms that are visible with the naked eye. 9) Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the concept of "vectors" in disease transmission? a) A person catches the flu after being in close contact with an infected individual. b) A child develops typhoid after consuming contaminated water. c) Aedes mosquitos transmitting dengue virus between individuals. d) A person experiences food poisoning after eating improperly cooked food. 10) Which of these food preservation methods relies on the principle of removing moisture to inhibit microbial growth, but doesn't necessarily kill all microorganisms? a) Boiling b) Pasteurization c) Drying d) Salting 11) What is the main role of yeast in making bread? a) To add color b) To add flavor c) To produce carbon dioxide gas, making the bread rise d) To kill other microorganisms 12) Which scientist discovered penicillin? a) Louis Pasteur b) Robert Kochi c) Alexander Fleming d) Antony van Leeuwenhoek 13) What is the process of killing or inactivating microorganisms using heat called? a) Fermentation b) Pasteurization c) Vaccination d) Disinfection 14) Which of the following processes is crucial for the formation of cheese and involves the action of bacteria, and also leads to the production of lactic acid? a) Pasteurization b) Fermentation c) Denitrification d) Nitrification 15) Which of the following is a disease caused by a protozoan? a) Influenza b) Malaria c) cholera d) tuberculosis 16) The process of converting milk into curd is primarily facilitated by: a) E. coli b) Salmonella c) Lactobacillus d) Rhizobium 17) Which of the following is NOT typically a direct product of fermentation in food processing? a) milk b) curd c) wine d) oil 18) Which of the following microorganisms reproduces only inside a host cell? a) amoeba b) bacteria c) fungus d) virus 19) A disease in humans caused by a virus is: a) influenza b) dysentery c) thypoid d) cholera 20) Pathogenic microorganisms present in host cells are killed by medicines called: a) painkillers b) antibiotics c) vaccines d) antibodies

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