Cats of all kinds are present in the legends, religion, mythology, and history of ____ different cultures. Cave paintings created by early humans display different types of wild cats ____ are now extinct, or no longer around. Many of these great beasts saw humans ____ food, but were hunted by humans in return. Cats similar ____ the ones kept as pets today started showing up in artwork thousands of years ____. For example, the ancient Egyptians believed cats were the sacred, or special, animal of a goddess named Bast. They believed that Bast often appeared as a cat, so many ancient Egyptians respected and honoured cats and kittens. ____, other cultures feared cats or thought that they brought illnesses and bad luck. Today, with millions kept as pets in homes around the world, cats ____ become important members of many families. No one knows for sure when or ____ cats became very popular household pets. It's possible that people noticed how cats hunted mice and rats, so they set food and milk out to keep the cats near their homes.much Gutenberg Before Gutenberg (1394 – 1468), all books had to be copied by hand. The so-called ‘manuscripts’ of medieval times were laboriously hand-written, usually by monks ____ devoted years ____ the work. Earlier attempts had been made to produce printing ‘blocks’. The designs on playing cards ____ example were carved from wooden blocks which were inked and then printed onto cards. There ____ even examples of whole pages in books being hand carved and printed. Gutenberg however came up with the idea of printing using, not whole page blocks, but letter blocks. ____ he was a goldsmith ____ trade, he knew how to mould metal into whatever shape was needed. He made thousands of tiny blocks of ‘type’, ____ with a letter raised on it, which ____ be lined up and clamped into position in a ‘forme’ (page block). The type could be linked, paper laid on top, and the whole thing compressed by turning a handle. When released, the paper had the page printed on it. Years of work went into this invention. The Netherlands Welcome to the Netherlands, a tiny country that only extends, at its broadest, 312 km north to south, and 264 km east to west - ____ the land area increases slightly each year as a result ____ continuous land reclamation and drainage. With a lot of heart and much to offer, 'Holland,' as it is commonly known to most of us abroad - a name stemming ____ its once most prominent provinces - has more going on per kilometre than most countries, and more English-speaking natives. You'll be impressed ____ its historic cities and charmed by its countryside and villages, full of contrasts. From the exciting variety ____ offer, you could choose a romantic canal boat tour in Amsterdam, a Royal Tour by coach in The Hague, or a hydrofoil tour around the biggest harbour in the world - Rotterdam. In season you ____visit the dazzling bulb fields, enjoy a full day on a boat, or take a bike tour through the pancake-flat countryside spiced with windmills. The possibilities are countless and the nationwide tourist office, ____ is on hand to give you information and ____ reservations. The Story of Gold The story of gold is ____ adventure involving kings, queens, pirates, explorers, conquerors, and the native peoples they conquered. Throughout history, gold ____ woven a magic spell over those it touched. Gold is beautiful and rare; a soft shiny metal that ____ be moulded into many shapes. It has been used for money, jewellery, and to decorate special buildings such ____ palaces and places of worship. Wherever the precious metal ____ discovered, prospectors rushed to mine it, starting new cities and countries as they went. Gold and the people who love it have helped shape the world we live ____ today. Gold is one of many elements, or substances that cannot be changed by normal chemical means, that are found in the Earth's crust. Gold has a warm, sunny colour and ____ it does not react ____ air, water, and most chemicals, its shine never fades. In its natural state, gold is soft and easily shaped. When heated to 1,062 Celsius it melts and can be poured into moulds to form coins, gold bars, and other objects.

4 exercises FCE Open Cloze B2

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