Good physical health can be maintained by: (a) Adopting an ____ lifestyle (b) Having sufficient ____ (c) Eating a ____ diet (d) Practising good ____ A balanced diet provides us with ____ quantities of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and water that our body needs to function well. ____ provide energy for our body. ____ are needed for growth and repair. ____ store energy in our body. ____ are needed for our body to function well. For example, ____ is a mineral that is needed for healthy bones. ____ are needed in small amounts for good health. For example, ____ helps in the absorption of calcium. Dietary ____ helps to prevent constipation. ____ is needed to prevent constipation. Body ____ Index (BMI) to guide us in maintaining a healthy body weight. Our BMI is calculated as follows: BMI = mass (kg) / (____ in m x height in m) Some people may ____ or over-____ to lose weight. Both are unhealthy ways to lose weight. Undereating results in insufficient nutrients for our body. For example, if we do not consume sufficient calcium, it may lead to an increased risk of bone ____ or ____ . Over-exercising may lead to problems related to bones and ____. For example, if we exercise without sufficient rest, it may lead to an increased risk of physical injuries such as sprains and ____ . Bones: (a) ____ our body and give it ____; (b) protect our internal ____ from damage; and (c) work with ____ to allow us to move. Fractures occur when a bone breaks partially or completely. Osteoporosis refers to the loss of bone density. A person with osteoporosis suffers from weak bones that can fracture easily. A joint is found where two bones meet. Joints allow us to ____ and move ____. The parts of a joint and their functions are summarised below. ____ - Absorbs shock and reduces ____ between the bones, allowing the joint to move freely ____ - Joins one bone to another ____ Three common problems related to joints are: A ____ occurs when one or more ligaments are overstretched or torn. A ____ occurs when a bone is forced out of its usual position. ____ occurs when the cartilage at joints wears off. When this happens, the person may experience pain when moving the affected joints. We can maintain healthy bones and joints by: (a) ____ regularly – regular exercise helps to strengthen our ____ and ligaments, which protects and increases the ____ of our joints. This reduces the chances of joint injury. (b) eating a ____ diet – consuming a diet with sufficient ____ and vitamin D builds strong ____. Diseases and conditions can be: o caused by bacteria or ____; or o ____. Hereditary diseases and conditions are passed to children through their parents’ ____. Some examples of hereditary diseases and conditions are ____ cell disease, ____, and colour ____. 1. People with sickle cell disease have ____ that are sickle-shaped. Sickle-shaped red blood cells cannot carry as much ____ as normal red blood cells. 2. People with thalassemia do not have ____ red blood cells. In severe cases, patients may need frequent blood ____. 3. People who have ____ deficiency are unable to tell different colours apart. We can protect our bodies from harmful ____, such as bacteria and ____, by using antimicrobial agents. ____ agents such as antiseptics and disinfectants are substances that kill microbes or prevent their growth. ____ are chemicals that are applied to our bodies to kill or prevent the ____ of microbes. ____ are chemicals that are applied to ____ surfaces, such as tabletops and floors, to kill or prevent the growth of microbes. ____ are medicines that kill or prevent the growth of harmful ____ in our body. Doctors may prescribe a course of antibiotics for diseases caused by bacteria. It is important to ____ the course of antibiotics. If we do not complete the course of antibiotics, some bacteria may ____ in our body. The bacteria remaining in our body may ____ or become stronger. If this happens, we may fall sick again and may need ____ antibiotics to kill the bacteria. ____ help to prevent some diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. An organ ____ or fails when it cannot perform its function. The kidneys are important organs in our body. They help to remove ____ materials from our body. Technology can help kidney patients through: (a) kidney ____ - the patient is connected to a machine, which acts as an ____ kidney. The machine removes waste from the patient’s blood. Kidney dialysis is ____. A patient usually needs to undergo three dialysis sessions a week. Each session usually lasts a few hours. (b) kidney ____ - involves transferring a healthy kidney from a donor to a recipient. Tissue ____ may happen after a kidney transplant. The recipient will need to take ____ for the rest of his or her life to lower the risk of tissue rejection after the transplant.

Topic 8 Staying Healthy

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