Present Simple: facts or general truths, routines or habits, permanent states, timetabled events in the future, narratives (a story, a joke, a plot and sports commentaries, etc.), Present Continuous: actions that are in progress at the time of speaking, actions that are in progress around the time of speaking, situations that are temporary, an annoying habit (often with always, continually, constantly and forever), describing what is happening in a picture, plans and arrangements for the future, situations that are changing or developing in the present, Present Perfect Simple: something that started in the past and has continued until now, something that happened in the past, but we don’t know or say exactly when, something that happened in the past and has a result that affects the present, an action that has just finished, experiences and achievements, an action that happened several times or repeatedly in the past, superlatives and expressions like the first/second time, Present Perfect Continuous: actions that started in the past and are still in progress or have happened repeatedly until now, actions that happened repeatedly in the past and have finished recently but that have results affecting the present. (‘side effect’), emphasising how long actions have been in progress for, a recent or unfinished action,

Present Tenses

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