pathogen - It is an organism or agent that causes disease. It can be a bacterium, virus, fungus, protist, or other infectious agent that can harm a host organism, such as a human, animal, or plant., antibody - Also known as an immunoglobulin, is a protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances like bacteria and viruses. These proteins are Y-shaped and specifically bind to antigens, which are substances that trigger an immune response, antigen - A toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies., bacteria - They are small single-celled organisms. Bacteria are found almost everywhere on Earth and are vital to the planet's ecosystems. Some species can live under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. The human body is full of bacteria, and in fact is estimated to contain more bacterial cells than human cells., immune system - Its a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that defends the body against disease and infection. It works by recognizing and responding to foreign substances called antigens, which can be on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or other harmful invaders., antibiotic - Its a medicine that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. Antibiotics can be taken in different ways: Orally (by mouth)., antibiotic resistance - This may occur when bacteria change in a way that reduces the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. This means that infections caused by resistant bacteria are harder, and sometimes impossible, to treat. It's a natural process, but misuse and overuse of antibiotics accelerate it, making infections more dangerous and costly to treat., antiviral - It is a medication that fights viral infections, either by preventing them or treating existing ones. Antivirals do not cure viral illnesses, but they can reduce the severity of symptoms and the duration of the infection, decreasing the risk of complications., virus - A virus is an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat. A virus cannot replicate alone; instead, it must infect cells and use components of the host cell to make copies of itself., infection - An infection occurs when harmful germs, like bacteria or viruses, enter the body and multiply, potentially causing illness. These germs can invade the body through various routes, such as cuts, respiratory droplets, or contaminated food and water. Infections can manifest in different ways depending on the type of germ and the affected body part, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe., white blood cells - White blood cells (also called leukocytes) are a critical part of the immune system, protecting the body against infection and disease. They are produced in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue. These cells work to defend the body by attacking and destroying harmful invaders like bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances., immunity - Immunity, in a biological context, is the body's ability to resist and fight off infection and disease. It's a complex process carried out by the immune system, which protects the body from harmful foreign substances. This protection can be achieved through various mechanisms, including physical barriers, cellular responses, and antibody production., innate immunity - Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens, providing a rapid, non-specific response to harmful substances from birth. It involves physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as cellular and molecular components that recognize and eliminate threats. This system doesn't require prior exposure to a pathogen to be activated and doesn't develop immunological memory., adaptive immnunity - Adaptive immunity, also known as acquired or specific immunity, is a type of immunity that develops throughout an individual's life as they encounter foreign substances (antigens) like pathogens or vaccines. It's a specialized and highly targeted defense mechanism that provides long-lasting protection against specific threats. This system relies on lymphocytes (B cells and T cells) and antigen-presenting cells, which work together to recognize, respond to, and remember specific antigens., physical barrier - A physical barrier is a tangible object or feature that restricts movement, access, or visibility. These barriers can be natural, like mountains or rivers, or human-made, such as walls, fences, or even poorly designed buildings. They can hinder communication, limit accessibility, and impact safety and security., chemical barrier - A chemical barrier is a defense mechanism used by living organisms to protect against pathogens. It involves using chemicals to inhibit or destroy pathogens, and it can be found on both external and internal surfaces. Examples include antimicrobial substances in body fluids, the acidic environment of the stomach, and the antimicrobial properties of mucus., immune response - The immune response is the body's defense system against harmful substances like pathogens (bacteria, viruses, etc.) and other foreign materials. It involves both innate (non-specific, immediate) and adaptive (specific, learned) mechanisms to detect, neutralize, and eliminate these threats., inflamation - Inflammation is your body's response to an illness, injury or something that doesn't belong in your body (like germs or toxic chemicals). Inflammation is a normal and important process that allows your body to heal.,

Pathogen & Immune System__Nikola

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