Haploid (1n) - A cell that has only one of each chromosome, Diploid (2n) - A cell that has two copies of every chromosome , Homologous chromosomes - Chromosomes that have the same genes on them in the same locations, Triploid (3n) - A cell that has three copies of every chromosome, Tetraploid (4n) - A cell that has four copies of every chromosome, Gamete - A reproductive cell that contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell it came from, Meiosis - Cell division that makes four unique gamete cells that contain half the number of chromsomes as the parent cell it came from, Chromosome non-disjunction - When pairs of chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis creating gametes with extra sets of chromosomes, Infertile polyploids - Any organism that has an odd number of chromosome sets eg. 3n, 5n, 7n is unable to undergo meiosis and cannot make gametes, Asexual reproduction - Reproduction that doesn't require gametes or a partner - makes identical clones, Polyploid - Organisms that have extra sets of chromosomes, usually lethal for animals, Zygote - First cell made after a sperm fertilizes an egg, this will contain chromosomes from both the egg and sperm, Autopolyploid - Polyploids generated within the same species , Allopolyploid - Polyploids generated when two different species interbreed, Hybrid Vigour - Increased fitness seen in polyploids due to increased number of gene copies, Infertile Hybrid - When a hybrid contains odd numbers of chromosomes and/or non homologous pairs of chromosomes, Hybrid - Offspring made from two different species sexually reproducing, Chromosome doubling -  When a sterile allopolyploid duplicates all of its chromosomes making it fertile again due to creation of homologous pairs eg. AB --> AABB, Unreduced gamete - A gamete that contains homologous pairs of chromosomes eg. 2n instead of 1n,

Polyploidy

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