Cell division - The process by which a cell divides into two new “daughter” cells, Asexual reproduction - The production of genetically identical offspring from a single-parent, Sexual reproduction - Offspring produced inherit some of their genetics from each parent, caused by the fusion of two separate parent cells, Cell cycle - A series of events the cell goes through as they grow and divide, Interphase - The period in between cell divisions. A period of growth that consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases, Mitosis - The first part of the cell division process; this contains 4 major parts: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase; a process where a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells, Cytokinesis - The second and final stage of cell division; the division of the cytoplasm, Chromosome - Tightly packed DNA, found only during cell division. This can be seen with a microscope, Chromatin - A complex of DNA and proteins that condenses DNA into chromosomes, Prophase - The first and longest stage of mitosis; this is where the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the duplicated chromosomes become visible, spindle starts to form, and nuclear envelope starts to disappear, Sister Chromatid - Two identical copies of a chromatid, Centromere - A structure in a chromosome that holds the two chromatids together, Spindle Apparatus (spindle fibers) - Controls the movement and separation of chromosomes during division, Centriole - Tiny paired structures; that help in the formation of spindle fibers, Metaphase - The second stage of mitosis, generally the shortest; this is where the centromeres of the duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell on the spindle fibers, Anaphase - The third stage of mitosis; this is where the chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to the opposite ends of the cell, Telophase - The final stage of mitosis; this is where the chromosomes, begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin, and the nuclear envelope starts to appear, the spindle apparatus disappears, Cyclin - A family of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells, Growth Factor - External regulators that stimulate the growth and division of cells, P53 - A tumor suppressor gene that codes for a protein, Cancer - A disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control cell growth, Tumor - A mass of cells, Benign Tumor - A noncancerous tumor that does not spread to surrounding healthy tissue, Malignant Tumor - A cancerous tumor, which invades and destroys healthy surrounding tissue, Apoptosis - A process of programmed cell death, Stem cells - The unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop,

Bio Final - Cell Division & Surface Area

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