1) You ___ wear a helmet when riding a bike in many countries. It's the law. a) should b) must c) might d) could 2) I ___ finish the report yesterday because my computer crashed. a) mustn’t b) wasn’t able to c) don’t have to d) am supposed to 3) Students ___ bring their own devices to class; the school provides laptops. a) have to b) are supposed to c) don’t have to d) must 4) He ___ speak four languages fluently by the time he was ten! a) can b) could c) may d) was able to 5) We ___ park here; there’s a sign that says “No Parking.” a) ought to b) don't have to c) are not allowed to d) mightn't 6) The manager ___ us leave early yesterday because there was a power cut. a) let b) made c) allows d) has to 7) All employees ___ attend the safety training session last week. a) must b) have to c) had to d) ought to 8) You look tired. You ___ take a short break. a) mustn’t b) might c) should d) are allowed to 9) He ___ be working late tonight, but I’m not sure. a) ought to b) has to c) may d) must 10) They ___ complete the project last week, even with all the delays. a) were able to b) may c) should d) can 11) She ___ wear a uniform at her old job, but not at the new one. a) must b) should c) had to d) could 12) Are we ___ record the presentation, or at least take notes? a) must b) allowed to c) able to d) supposed to 13) You ___ eat in the lab. It’s dangerous. a) must b) shouldn’t c) ought to d) mustn’t 14) They ___ check out the guests before noon, but we were given extra time. a) made b) let c) are supposed to d) allow 15) If you want to pass the test, you ___ study a bit harder. a) ought to b) may c) are allowed to d) can

Modal verbs - obligation, permission, ability

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