1) How are Common Lilacs arranged? a) They are arranged in opposite pairs or occasionally in whorls of five. The flowers have a square base to the corolla 6–10 mm long with an open four-lobed apex 5–8 mm across, usually lilac to mauve, occasionally white. They are arranged in dense, terminal panicles 8–18 cm long b) They are arranged in similar pairs or occasionally in whorls of three. The flowers have a circular base to the corolla 6–11 mm long with an open four-lobed apex 6–9 mm across, usually lilac to pink, occasionally red. They are arranged in thin, terminal panicles 8–18 cm long c) They are placed in opposite pairs or occasionally in whorls of three. The flowers have a tubular base to the corolla 6–10 mm long with an open five-lobed apex 5–8 mm across, usually lilac to mauve, occasionally white. They are arranged in dense, terminal panicles 8–18 cm long d) They are arranged in opposite pairs or occasionally in whorls of three. The flowers have a tubular base to the corolla 6–10 mm long with an open four-lobed apex 5–8 mm across, usually lilac to mauve, occasionally white. They are arranged in dense, terminal panicles 8–18 cm long 2) What is the usage of Common Lilac? a) The wood is hard, heavy, purple-brown, used in joinery. Very common in landscaping, tolerates pruning b) The wood is soft, heavy, purple-brown, used in joinery. Very common in landscaping, tolerates pruning c) The wood is hard, heavy, purple-green, used in joinery. Very common in landscaping, tolerates pruning d) The wood is hard, heavy, purple-brown, used in furniture. Very common in landscaping, tolerates pruning 3) How do the leaves of European horse-chestnut look like? a) The leaves are arranged alternately and are deeply compound, with 6–9 leaflets; each leaflet is 10–25 cm long, making the entire leaf reach up to 50 cm (20 in) in width, with a 5–15 cm petiole. b) The leaves are opposite and palmately compound, with 5–7 leaflets; each leaflet is 13–30 cm long, making the whole leaf up to 60 cm (24 in) across, with a 7–20 cm petiole. c) The leaves are oppositely placed and are pinnately divided, with 4–6 leaflets; each leaflet measures 15–35 cm in length, giving the full leaf a span of up to 70 cm (28 in), with a petiole ranging from 8 to 18 cm. d) The leaves are arranged in pairs and are palmately dissected, with 3–5 leaflets; each leaflet is 12–28 cm long, resulting in a total leaf width of up to 55 cm (22 in), with a 6–14 cm petiole. 4) What are the growing conditions of European horse-chestnut? a) Fairly frost-resistant. Semi-shade tolerant. Prefers sandy loam. Root system well developed, deep. Mycobacteria are present in the roots, which bind nitrogen. b) Fairly resistant to frost, this plant can tolerate partial shade. It thrives in sandy loam and has a well-developed, deep root system. Nitrogen-fixing mycobacteria are present in the roots. c) Moderately frost-hardy and semi-shade tolerant, this plant prefers sandy loam. Its root system is robust and deep, and it hosts mycobacteria that help with nitrogen fixation. d) Relatively frost-resistant and semi-shade tolerant, this species flourishes in sandy loam. It features a strong, deep root network, with nitrogen-binding mycobacteria present in the roots. 5) Where is the Silver poplar native to? a) Originally from Morocco, this plant extends through Spain, reaching southern France, and continues into the Balkans, stretching as far as Turkey and parts of the Middle East. b) Native to Morocco, it spreads across Algeria, Tunisia, and southern Italy, then moves into Eastern Europe, reaching Greece and parts of Turkey. c) Native to Morocco and then Portugal through central Europe (north to Germany and Poland) to central Asia d) Found in Morocco, it grows through Egypt and Libya, extending across the Mediterranean into southern Greece and parts of the Middle East, including Syria. 6) How tall does the Silver poplar grow? a) Grows up to 15–30 m, with a trunk diameter reaching up to 1.5 m. b) Can grow as tall as 30–50 m, with a trunk diameter of up to 3 m. c) Reaches heights of 20–35 m, with a trunk up to 1.8 m thick. d) Grows up to 25-40 m, trunk up to 2 m. 7) How do the flowers of Shiny cotoneaster look like? a) ​​Flowers are a pale-pink, small and clustered blooming in early June. Flower buds are imbricate, appressed with loose exposed outer scales. C lucidus grows an attractive, blackish pome fruit, about half an inch in diameter which ripens between September and October. b) The flowers are light pink, small, and grouped together, blooming in late May. The flower buds are overlapping, tightly pressed with exposed outer scales. C. lucidus produces an appealing, dark purple fruit, about 1 cm in diameter, ripening between August and September. c) The flowers are soft pink, tiny, and grow in dense clusters, flowering in early May. The flower buds are imbricate, with outer scales slightly open. C. lucidus develops a striking, dark red fruit, roughly 1.5 cm in diameter, ripening from September to November. d) The flowers are pale blush, small, and form tight clusters, blooming in mid-June. The flower buds are overlapping, pressed against each other with loose outer scales. C. lucidus produces a beautiful, dark berry-like fruit, about 1.2 cm in diameter, ripening between August and October. 8) What are the main aspects of Shiny cotoneaster? a) Order: Malpighiales; Family: Salicaceae; Genus: Salix; Species: S. alba b) Order: Fagales; Family: Betulaceae; Genus: Alnus; Species: A. glutinosa c) Order: Rosales; Family: Rosaceae; Genus: Cotoneaster; Species: C. lucidus d)  Order: Sapindales; Family: Sapindaceae; Genus: Acer; Species: A. platanoides 9) How is Caragana used? a) The wood is rough and brittle, unsuitable for carving or turning. It struggles with pruning and does not tolerate polluted environments, making it rare in urban landscaping. Not considered a honey plant. b) Wood is used for turning and carving. Withstands pruning and grows in polluted air, therefore very common in urban landscaping. Rated honey plant. c) The wood is coarse and fragile, making it difficult for carving and turning. It does not withstand pruning well and is sensitive to polluted air, which limits its use in urban areas. It is not valued as a honey plant. d) The wood is soft and weak, not ideal for turning or carving. It cannot handle pruning well and struggles in polluted environments, making it uncommon in city landscaping. It is not considered a significant honey plant. 10) How do the leaves of Caragana look like? a) The leaves vary from light green to dark green, and are alternate and compound with many small leaflets. b) The leaves range from dark green to light green and are opposite and simple, with a few large leaflets. c) The leaves are pale green to yellowish and are arranged in clusters, with large, single leaflets instead of many small ones. d) The leaves are dull green to yellowish and are opposite and uncompound, with only a few small leaflets. 11) What are the growing conditions of Common hawthorn? a) Fairly frost-sensitive. Not particular about soil, tolerates poor, sandy soils. Prefers full shade and rarely blooms in direct sunlight. Struggles with vegetative reproduction. b) Not very frost-resistant. Tolerates a variety of soils but prefers less fertile, dry soils. Thrives in full shade but blooms only in dim light. Reproduces poorly vegetatively. c) Quite frost-resistant. Demanding of soil, prefers more fertile clay soils. Semi-shade tolerant, but only blooms in full light. Reproduces well vegetatively. d) Extremely frost-sensitive. Prefers nutrient-rich sandy soils but can grow in almost any soil type. Does best in full sun and may not bloom in shaded areas. Does not reproduce well vegetatively. 12) How long does Common hawthorn live up to? a) It lives up to 10 years. b) It lives up to 500 years. c) It lives up to 1000 years. d) It lives up to 100 years. 13) How many species are there in the Thuja genus? a) There are six species in the genus, three native to Europe and three native to North Africa. b) There are five species in the genus, two native to North America and three native to eastern Asia. c) The genus consists of four species, one native to South America and three native to southeastern Asia. d) There are seven species in the genus, five native to Central Asia and two native to the Mediterranean region. 14) Where does the common name "Tree of life" come from? a) Comes from early North American settlers who learned from Native Americans that the tree's foliage, sap, bark, and branches have healing properties. b) The tradition comes from early settlers in South America, who learned from local indigenous groups that the tree's fruit, bark, and sap possess healing properties. c) The name originates from European colonists who discovered from indigenous tribes that the plant's leaves, roots, and flowers have medicinal qualities. d) The knowledge comes from ancient Asian cultures, where early settlers were taught by indigenous peoples that the tree's leaves, resin, and branches could be used for medicinal purposes. 15) When does the Dwarf cherry bloom? a) April/May b) May/June c) March/April d) February/March 16) Where is the Dwarf Cherry native to? a) Japan b) India c) Europe d) Southwest Asia 17) How do the leaves of Virginia creeper look like? a) The Virginia creeper has alternate, compound-palmate leaves (usually 5 saw-toothed leaflets, each leaflet to 6” long) that emerge purplish in spring, mature to dull green in summer and change to attractive shades of purple and crimson red in fall. Virginia Creeper is somewhat similar to Poison Ivy; the children's rhyme "leaves of three, let it be; leaves of five, let it thrive" helps to distinguish the two. b) The Virginia creeper has opposite, simple leaves (usually 3 smooth-edged leaflets, each leaflet about 2” long) that emerge greenish in spring, mature to pale yellow in summer, and turn brownish in the fall. Virginia creeper looks quite different from Poison Ivy; the rhyme "leaves of five, let it die; leaves of three, let it be" can help to differentiate the two. c) The Virginia creeper has alternate, simple leaves (usually 7 lobed leaflets, each leaflet up to 3” long) that emerge yellowish in spring, mature to bright green in summer, and change to faded yellow and brown in fall. It’s often confused with Poison Ivy, but the rhyme "leaves of five, let it die" can help tell them apart. d) The Virginia creeper features opposite, compound leaves (often 4 or 6 leaflets, each around 8” long) that emerge green in spring, darken to glossy green in summer, and turn dull brown or beige in the fall. It is very similar to Poison Ivy, and the rhyme "leaves of five, avoid it alive" helps to tell them apart. 18) How do the flowers and berries of Virginia creeper look like? a) The flowers are medium-sized and pale, growing in visible clusters in late winter, and mature into large, juicy red berries, 6 to 8 mm in diameter. These berries are high in antioxidants and have been known to promote heart health in humans. However, they are highly toxic to many bird species and are avoided by most animals. b) The flowers are large and brightly colored, appearing in striking clusters in early spring, and mature in late spring into soft, bright red berries, 10 to 12 mm in diameter. These berries are rich in nutrients and are beneficial to humans, promoting kidney health. The berries are toxic to birds and are avoided by most species. c) The flowers are large and showy, formed in vibrant clusters in early summer, and ripen into soft, greenish-yellow berries, 8 to 10 mm in diameter. These berries contain minimal oxalic acid and are generally safe for human consumption. Birds find the berries unappealing and tend to ignore them. d) The flowers are small and greenish, produced in inconspicuous clusters in late spring, and mature in late summer or early fall into small hard purplish-black berries 5 to 7 mm diameter. These berries contain toxic amounts of oxalic acid and have been known to cause kidney damage and death to humans. The berries are not toxic to birds and provide an important winter food source for many bird species.

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