The circulatory system transports ____, digested food substances and waste substances (e.g., ____) all around our body. The circulatory system is made up of: (a) the heart; (b) blood; and (c) blood vessels. • The ____ is a muscular pump that pumps blood around our body. • ____ transports substances, such as oxygen, digested food and carbon dioxide, around our body. • ____ are tubes that carry blood around our body. Pathway of Blood in the Human Body • Blood flows in ____ direction in the circulatory system. 1. ____ blood from all parts of the body is carried to the heart. 2. The heart receives deoxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the ____. 3. At the lungs, ____ is removed from the blood, and ____ is taken up by the blood. 4. ____ blood leaves the lungs and is carried to the ____. 5. The heart receives oxygenated blood and pumps the blood to the ____. 6. As the blood circulates around the body, oxygen from the ____ is ____ by the body cells. Carbon dioxide is ____ from the ____ and taken up by the blood. There are three types of blood vessels: (a) arteries; • ____ wall to withstand the ____ of blood coming directly from the heart • ____ valves present • to carry blood ____ the heart (b) veins; and • ____ wall • valves present to prevent ____ of blood • to carry blood ____ the heart (c) capillaries. • ____ wall to allow exchange of substances • no valves present • to allow the exchange of substances between the ____ and surrounding cells • to connect arteries to ____ Blood is made up of four components: (a) red blood cells; • transport ____ from the lungs to all parts of the body. (b) white blood cells; • produce ____ that help the body to destroy bacteria and viruses during an ____. • detect and ____ foreign tissues or organs in our body. (c) platelets; and • ____ blood, which stops the bleeding from the damaged blood vessels. (d) plasma. • transports ____ substances and ____ substances (e.g., carbon dioxide) in the body. The condition of our circulatory system can be monitored by measuring: (a) heart rate; the number of times the ____ in one minute. (b) pulse rate; and the number of ____ in one minute. (c) blood pressure. When blood moves through the arteries, it pushes against the walls of the arteries. The ____ acting on the walls of the blood vessels is related to the blood pressure. • During physical activity, our heart rate, pulse rate and breathing rate ____. • Our heart rate and pulse rate increase because our heart beats ____ so that our blood can carry more ____ to the muscles. • Our ____ rate also increases because we need to breathe faster to take in more oxygen and remove ____ from our body. Our diet can affect the risk of developing heart diseases, high blood pressure and stroke. A diet that is rich in fat, cholesterol and ____ can increase the risk of developing these diseases. Excess fat and cholesterol build up in the walls of the ____ and form ____. A diet that is high in fat increases our risk of developing ____ and stroke. Having a high intake of salt can increase our risk of developing ____. If plaque is found in an artery that supplies blood to the ____ muscles, the heart muscles may not receive enough ____ due to the reduced blood flow. In severe cases, a ____ may occur. If the blockage is found in an artery that supplies blood to the ____, the brain may not receive enough oxygen. This may result in a ____. Smoking ____ the risk of developing heart diseases, high blood pressure and stroke.

Topic 11 Blood Circulation

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