____ is the process in which air enters our lungs when we breathe in and leaves our lungs when we breathe out. ____ refers to the release of energy when oxygen reacts with digested food substances. When air enters the ____, ____ in the air is absorbed into the blood and transported by the blood to our body cells. Our cells make use of the oxygen, through the process of respiration, to release ____ from digested food substances. ____ are produced. Carbon dioxide produced during respiration is then transported by the blood from our ____ to the lungs to be removed in the air that we breathe out. The air we breathe in is called ____ air. The air we breathe out is called ____ air. Exhaled air has: (a) ____ oxygen; (b) ____ carbon dioxide; and (c) more water vapour. Limewater Test • Limewater turns ____ when there is a high amount of ____ present. Cobalt Chloride Paper Test • We use cobalt chloride paper to test for ____ in air. Cobalt chloride paper turns from ____ when water vapour is present. ____ • Carries air from the nose to the bronchi • Produces mucus that traps dust and bacteria • Contains tiny hair-like structures that sweep the mucus containing trapped dust and bacteria out of the windpipe to be removed ____ • Carry air from the windpipe to the lungs • Produce mucus • Contain hair-like structures that sweep the mucus containing trapped dust and bacteria towards the windpipe ____ • Expand to take in air and contract to remove air • Oxygen in the inhaled air enters the blood at the lungs • Carbon dioxide leaves the blood at the lungs and is removed in the exhaled air ____ • Sheet of muscle below the lungs ____ • Protects the heart and lungs from injury During inhalation: • The diaphragm ____ and flattens. • The ribcage moves upwards and ____. • The volume of the lungs ____. • Air enters the lungs. During exhalation: • The diaphragm ____ and arches upwards. • The ribcage moves downwards and ____. • The volume of the lungs ____. • Air leaves the lungs. Choking occurs when food, water or any foreign object enters the ____. This prevents ____ from entering and leaving the lungs. If the object is not removed in time, the victim may not get ____ oxygen for respiration. This can lead to ____. Smoking can cause serious problems in our respiratory system, such as ____ and ____ cancer. Even if we do not smoke, our respiratory systems can still be damaged when we breathe in tobacco smoke from the cigarettes of smokers around us. This is called ____ smoking.

Topic 10 Breathing

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