Actor-Observer Bias - Driving by someone who cut you off, you immediately think, "That person is a terrible driver!" but when you accidentally cut someone off later, you rationalize it by thinking, "I'm just in a really big hurry this morning.", Availability Heuristic - After seeing several news reports about plane crashes, you suddenly feel like flying is much more dangerous than driving, even though statistics show otherwise., Representativeness Heuristic - You meet someone who loves poetry, wears glasses, and speaks softly. You immediately assume they must be an English professor., Mental Set - You're trying to assemble a new piece of furniture. Instead of carefully following the step-by-step instructions, you keep trying to fit pieces together the way you assembled a similar piece of furniture in the past, even though it's not working., Gambler's Fallacy - You're playing a slot machine and have lost several rounds in a row. You think, "Okay, it has to pay out soon! I'm due for a win.", Algorithm - A chef meticulously follows a recipe, measuring every ingredient and timing each step precisely to ensure a perfect dish., Sunk Cost Fallacy - You've already spent a significant amount of money repairing your old car. Even though a mechanic tells you it needs major, expensive engine work, you decide to go ahead with the repairs because you've "already invested so much" in it., Prototype - When asked to describe a "bird," you immediately picture a robin or a sparrow, rather than a penguin or an ostrich., Fundamental Attribution Error - You see a classmate trip and fall in the hallway. You assume it's because they're clumsy., Priming - Just before reading a passage about generosity, you briefly saw words like "kind," "charitable," and "giving" flashed on a screen. You then interpret a character's ambiguous actions in the passage as more altruistic., Framing - When a doctor tells you that a surgery has a "90% success rate," you're more likely to agree to it than if they tell you it has a "10% failure rate," even though the statistics are the same.,

Cognition

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