Monophonic - A single melodic line, Homophonic - When the melody is harmonised. This can be either ‘chordal’ or ‘melody and accompaniment’., Chordal - When the parts move together creating a succession of chords, Melody and accompaniment - A distinct melody stands out from the background accompaniment, Polyphonic - Two or more melodies interweave, Unison - More than one performer plays the same single line of music. Can be in octaves., Canon - One part copies another, but not necessarily at the same pitch., Round - At least three different voices sing the same melody starting at different times., Imitation - A melody is copied in other parts, often at a different pitch or with some slight change, Counter-melody - A new melody, combined with the theme, Layering - Several different ideas superimposed on top of each other, Antiphonal - Two instrumental or vocal groups alternate with each other in a musical conversation (a bit like call and response), Descant - A higher melody added to the main tune (e.g. in the last verse of hymns and Christmas carols), Alberti Bass - A type of accompaniment figure that uses broken chords, Tutti - The whole orchestra plays together., Stab chords - Short, staccato chords that add impact and ‘punch’ to the music, Drone - a long sustained note, usually in the bass line,

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