1) same variables in the same group of people a) longitudinal b) cross sectional correlation c) autocorrelation d) cross lag correlation 2) between two key variables at one point in time a) longitudinal b) cross sectional correlation c) autocorrelation d) cross lag correlation 3) correlation between one variable and itself overtime a) longitudinal b) cross sectional correlation c) autocorrelation d) cross lag correlation 4) looks at one variable at a given point in time and another variable at a later time a) longitudinal b) cross sectional correlation c) autocorrelation d) cross lag correlation 5) do significant correlations establish covariance? a) yes b) no 6) do cross lags establish temporal precedence? a) yes b) no 7) do longitudinal studies establish internal validity? a) yes b) no 8) can multiple regression/multivariate analysis rule out third variable/internal validity a) yes b) no 9) Does the correlation have to remain within subgroups for it to hold? a) yes b) no 10) which is standardized and comparable within a single table? a) Beta b) beta 11) Can Beta/beta be less than -1 or more than +1 a) yes b) no 12) does cross sectional establish temporal precedence? a) yes b) no 13) does autocorrelation establish temporal precedence? a) yes b) no 14) Does Beta/beta account for causation? a) yes b) no 15) Does regression determine temporal precedence? a) yes b) no 16) The degree to which a good scientific theory provides the simplest explanation of something a) moderator b) mediator c) third variable d) parsimony 17) how different levels of influence two variables a) moderator b) mediator c) third variable d) parsimony 18) why are two variables related a) moderator b) mediator c) third variable d) parsimony 19) a is related to b because a is related to c and b is related to c, if c was gone there would be no relationship a) moderator b) mediator c) third variable d) parsimony 20) a is related to b for one type of c but not the other type of c a) moderator b) mediator c) third variable d) parsimony 21) a is related to b because a leads to c which leads to b a) moderator b) mediator c) third variable d) parsimony 22) two variables are only linked because of another variable  a) moderator b) mediator c) third variable d) parsimony 23) there is a relationship, but only at one level a) moderator b) mediator c) third variable d) parsimony 24) first variable leads to this, which leads to the second variable a) moderator b) mediator c) third variable d) parsimony 25) does not receive the treatment a) comparison group b) placebo group c) control group d) treatment group 26) whatever you think might be having an effect (can be one or more conditions) a) comparison group b) placebo group c) control group d) treatment group 27) given a fake IV, needed to determine an effect a) comparison group b) placebo group c) control group d) treatment group 28) alternative explanations that can threaten internal validity a) design confounds b) systematic variability c) unsystematic variable d) selection effects  29) the second variable varies along with the IV and provides an alternative explanation for the results a) design confounds b) systematic variability c) unsystematic variable d) selection effects 30) random or haphazard affects both groups and is not a compound a) design confounds b) systematic variability c) unsystematic variable d) selection effects 31) occurs in an experiment when the participants in one level of the IV are systematically different than the participants in the other level of levels of the IV a) design confounds b) systematic variability c) unsystematic variable d) selection effects 32) when random assignment does not work, make sure confounds are assigned equally a) matched group designs b) Independence groups design/between subject design/between groups design c) Within groups design/within subjects design 33) different individuals under different conditions/ different groups a) matched group designs b) Independence groups design/between subject design/between groups design c) Within groups design/within subjects design 34) same individuals under both designs a) matched group designs b) Independence groups design/between subject design/between groups design c) Within groups design/within subjects design 35) amount of people in each group a) N b) n 36) Total amount of people  a) N b) n 37) Is only doing post-test ever okay? a) yes b) no 38) when is matched group design best? a) small sample b) large sample 39) which is better? a) pre-test b) post-test c) depends on the study 40) which one puts the same people in every condition? a) matched group design b) within groups design c) between groups design 41) within groups design- received different levels at approximately the same time, then make a decision a) concurrent b) repeated measure  c) counter balancing 42) within groups design- after exposure to the first, make a judgement, then exposure to the second, make another judgement a) concurrent b) repeated measure  c) counter balancing 43) within groups design- have a version with everyone is every possible order combination- random assignment a) concurrent b) repeated measure  c) counter balancing 44) threats to internal validity- change in the DV that could be due to chance that occurs spontaneously over time a) maturation b) regression c) atrittion d) instrument threats e) testing bias f) demand characteristics 45) threats to internal validity- occurs when an IV has an effect only because the participants believe it will a) maturation b) regression c) atrittion d) placebo e) testing bias f) demand characteristics 46) threats to internal validity- if initial results are extreme, they are likely to be closer to the mean upon retesting a) maturation b) regression c) atrittion d) instrument threats e) observer bias  f) demand characteristics 47) threats to internal validity- when people drop out of a study a) history threats b) regression c) atrittion d) selective attrition threats e) selective history threats f) demand characteristics 48) threats to internal validity- the method of measurement changes a) maturation b) regression c) atrittion d) instrument threats e) observer bias  f) demand characteristics 49) threats to internal validity- Expectations change what is documented  a) maturation b) regression c) atrittion d) instrument threats e) observer bias  f) demand characteristics 50) threats to internal validity- Occurs if an experimental group has changed over time due to repeated testing a) maturation b) testing threats c) history threats d) instrument threats e) observer bias  f) demand characteristics 51) threats to internal validity- an outsider event or factor systematically affects participants at one level of the IV a) maturation b) testing threats c) history threats d) selection history threats e) selection attrition threats f) attrition threats 52) threats to internal validity- participants in one experimental group experience attrition a) maturation b) testing threats c) history threats d) selection history threats e) selection attrition threats f) attrition threats 53) threats to internal validity- when participants know what is being studied and change their behavior accordingly- intentional or unintentional a) maturation b) regression c) atrittion d) testing bias e) observer bias  f) demand characteristics 54) when is attrition a problem? a) when it lowers the number of people being tested b) always c) never d) when it is systematic e) when it is unsystematic

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