What is the summarised word equation for photosynthesis? - Carbon dioxide + Water --> Glucose + Oxygen, Name the transparent layer at the top of the leaf that prevents water loss? - Waxy cuticle, In which leaf cells does the majority of photosynthesis happen? - Palisade mesophyll cells, How are the palisade mesophyll cells designed for effective photosynthesis? - Packed close together for a large surface area, many chloroplasts and near the top of the leaf to absorb maximum sunlight, Name the pores on the underside of the leaf through which gases can be exchanged - Stomata, Which cells control the opening and closing of the stomata? - Guard cells, Why might guard cells close the stomata at night time? - To prevent water loss when the plant isn't photosynthesising, Name the vessel that transports water through the vein of the leaf? - Xylem, Name 3 structural features of xylem vessels - Made of dead tissue, hollow, lignified (substance called lignin supports them), Name 2 structural features of phloem vessels in the vein of the leaf - Have companion cells, made of living tissue, composed of sieve tubes and plates, What vessel in the vein of the leaf transports sugars? - Phloem, Name the cells at the end of the smallest roots which absorb water from the soil? - Root hair cells, Describe how root hair cells are adapted to absorb maximum water? - Their shape gives them a larger surface area to absorb more water, Name 2 factors that can increase the rate of transpiration from a leaf? - Increased temperature, increased wind speed, Name 2 factors that can decrease the rate of transpiration from a leaf? - Increased humidity, increased pollution levels, Describe the pathway water takes from soil to leaf to air? - Absorbed by root hair cells - travel up the root from cell to cell by osmosis - transported up the stem and into the leaf through xylem vessels - to the mesophyll cells for photosynthesis - some water will move through the spongy mesophyll and evaporate through the stomata,

Transport systems in plants

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