Production of sound - Sound is created by vibrating objects, transferring energy through a medium., Human hearing range - Humans typically hear frequencies from 20 Hz (low pitch) to 20 kHz (high pitch)., Medium needed for sound - Sound requires a solid, liquid, or gas because it travels by vibrating particles., Speed of sound - In air at room temperature, it’s about 340 m/s; it’s faster in solids and slower in gases., Amplitude/frequency changes - Greater amplitude means a louder sound; higher frequency means a higher pitch., Echoes - An echo happens when sound waves reflect off a surface and return to the listener., Ultrasound - Ultrasound has frequencies above 20 kHz, which are too high for humans to hear., Longitudinal nature - In sound waves, particles vibrate back and forth in the same direction the wave travels., Compressions and rarefactions - Compressions are where particles are close together; rarefactions are where they are spread out., Relative speeds in solids, liquids, gases - Sound travels fastest in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases.,

iGCSE Science - Sound

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