Language endangerment is a critical ____, as speakers of smaller languages often switch to ____ ones, leading to reduced intergenerational transmission. This can result in languages becoming ____ or extinct, existing only in recordings or written records. Language endangerment exists on a ____, from vigorous languages under dominant ones to those nearing extinction. It involves the ____ of users and their language functions, impacting cultural identity and ____ structure, leading to potential language loss and diminished linguistic diversity. Evaluating language endangerment involves ____ factors such as speaker population, ethnic identity, population trends, and language use. Key indicators include ____ transmission, bilingualism, and community attitudes, which influence a language's vitality and risk of extinction. The Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS) categorizes language ____. It identifies 2,163 "In Trouble" languages, 1,030 "Dying" languages, and 454 "Extinct" languages, highlighting the challenges of intergenerational ____ and revitalization efforts for endangered languages globally.

Endangered Languages - Reading

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