LD50 - The lethal dose of a chemical that kills 50% of the individuals in a dose-response study., Sublethal effect - The effect of an environmental hazard that is not lethal, but which may impair an organism's behavior, physiology, or reproduction, ED50 - The effective dose of a chemical that causes 50% of the individuals in a dose-response study to display a harmful, but nonlethal, effect, No-observed-effect level (NOEL) - The highest concentration of a chemical that causes no lethal or sublethal effects, Retrospective study - A study that monitors people who have been exposed to an environmental hazard, such as a harmful chemical, at some time in the past, Prospective Study - A study that monitors people who might become exposed to an environmental hazard, such as a harmful chemical, at some time in the future, Synergistic interaction - A situation in which two risks together cause more harm than expected based on the separate effects of each risk alone, Route of exposure - The way in which an individual might come into contact with an environmental hazard, such as a chemical, Solubility - How well a chemical dissolves in a liquid, Bioaccumulation - An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time, Biomagnification - The increase in chemical concentration in animal tissues as the chemical moves up the food chain , Persistence - The length of time a chemical remains in the environment , Environmental hazard - Anything in the environment that can potentially cause harm, Innocent-until-proven-guilty principle - A principle based on the belief that a potential hazard should not be considered an actual hazard until the scientific data definitively demonstrate that it actually causes harm, Precautionary principle - A principle based on the belief that action should be taken against a plausible environmental hazard, Stockholm Convention - A 2001 agreement among 127 nations concerning 12 chemicals to be banned, phased out, or reduced , REACH - A 2007 agreement among the nations of the European Union about regulation of chemicals; the acronym stands for registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemicals,

Chapter 17 pt2

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