birth rate - number of newborns in a specific area during a given time, death rate - number of individuals passing away within a region over a set period, positive population growth rate - more births than deaths, leading to an increase in population, negative population growth rate - more deaths than births, leading to a decrease in population, life expectancy at birth - average number of years a person can expect to live, infant mortality rate - number of infants who do not survive their first year per 1000 live births, demography - the study of human populations and how they change over time, population density - the total number of people in the total area of land (usually measured as the number of people per square kilometre), replacement rate - the number of births needed to keep the current population ,

Population - Key Terms

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