Abolishing Operation - Procedure that decreases the value of a specific stimulus or behavior through satiation, Functional Analysis Assessment - This is a process in which a Behavior Analyst systematically manipulates the environment to identify the function(s) of a behavior., Baseline - The starting point of treatment. , Attention Extinction - Planned ignoring, withholding attention or reinforcement to decrease behavior, Behavior Chain - a series of behaviors that are linked together to complete a specific task or goal., Daily Living Skills (ADL) - also known as functional skills, are the essential abilities individuals use every day to carry out routine activities necessary for independent living., DRA - increase appropriate behavior while reducing problematic behavior, Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessment without Replacement (MSWO) - Presenting several items simultaneously and recording which item the student chooses to interact with. The student is allowed to interact with the chosen item for 30 seconds, and it is then removed from the array. , Establishing Operations: - can be used to increase the value of a reinforcer or reward for a student,, Momentary Time Sampling (MTS) - data collection procedure where the presence or absence of a behavior is recorded at the end of an interval., Conditioned Reinforcers - are stimuli or events that become reinforcing through their association with primary reinforcers or other secondary reinforcers., Partial physical prompt - involve providing partial assistance, such as guiding the individual's hand partway to the desired position., Indirect FBA Procedures - collecting information from sources other than direct observation of the individual's behavior., DRI - technique used to reinforce a behavior that is physically incompatible with the problem behavior., Permanent Product Procedures - is a method of measuring behavior by documenting the products it produces, rather than observing the behavior itself., Operational Definition - Creating a detailed definition of the behavior in observable terms. It should be clear enough for anyone to understand and collect data on the behavior., Curriculum-Based Assessment - Repeated, direct assessment of targeted skills in basic academic areas such as math, reading, writing, and spelling, also referred to as curriculum-based measurement (CBM) and curriculum-based assessment (CBA)., Stimulus Generalization - The occurrence of a response to stimuli that are similar but not identical to the original stimulus., Choice - Allowing the student to make choices during therapy sessions has been found to increase compliance and provide the learner with a sense of control., Total Task Chaining - This technique involves teaching all steps of a complex behavior chain during each training session., Frequency - This refers to counting the number of times a behavior occurs., Demand Fading - Gradual increase of demands over time to decrease behaviors that function to escape or avoid a task., Most to Least Prompt Fading - A prompt hierarchy that starts with a prompt that is likely to help the learner make the correct response, and gradually fades out the prompts., DRO - Reinforcing any behavior other than the maladaptive behavior., Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) - A set of procedures used to determine the function of a behavior, or why someone is engaging in maladaptive behavior. It involves identifying antecedents, behaviors, and consequences of the behavior in order to develop an effective intervention plan., Rate - e frequency of behavior occurrence within a given time period., Full physical prompts: - physical prompt that involves the therapist physically guiding the learner through an entire task., Punishment - Any consequence that results in a decrease in behavior., DRL - used to reduce the frequency of socially acceptable but occurring behaviors., Free Operant Preference Assessment: - therapist observing the learner's interactions with various items in the environment without interacting with them directly., Partial Interval - Recording whether the target behavior occurred during a brief interval of time., Continuous Measurement Procedures - Measuring every instance of behavior within a given observation period, also known as continuous measurement., Intermittent Reinforcement - A schedule of reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced only some of the time, rather than every time it occurs., Paired Choice Preference Assessment (Forced Choice Preference Assessment) - Therapist presents two items to the student and records which item the student chooses., Discrimination Training - Reinforcing a behavior in the presence of one stimulus and extinguishing the same behavior in the presence of other stimuli., Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessment with Replacement (MSW) - Presenting several items simultaneously and recording which item the student chooses to interact with. Once chosen, the item is placed back into the array of items., Behavioral Skills Training (BST) - A well-researched training method used to teach new skills, which involves four steps: instruction, modeling, role-play, and feedback., Single Item Preference Assessment - Presents one item at a time and records the student's response to each item, including whether they interacted with it, avoided it, or had no response., Escape Extinction - Withholding escape from an aversive task or situation to decrease the occurrence of escape-maintained behavior., Variable Ratio (VR): - Providing reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses., Proximity Prompt - A type of prompt in which the correct response stimulus is positioned closer to the learner than other stimuli., Backwards Chaining - This training technique starts with teaching the last behavior in a sequence first and working backward towards the first behavior., Token economies - A system of reinforcement where tokens or points are earned for desirable behavior and can be exchanged for backup reinforcers or privileges., Negative Punishment - Taking away a positive reinforcer that will decrease the future probability that the behavior will occur., Inter-response time - The amount of time that elapses between one behavior and the next instance of that same behavior. To measure IRT, the observer starts a stopwatch when the behavior ends and stops it when the behavior begins again., Variable Interval (VI): - Providing reinforcement at an average rate over an unpredictable amount of time., Access to something in the body - This refers to a behavior in which a student engages to obtain access to a positive sensory experience within their body., Whole Interval - Records the presence or absence of the behavior throughout the entire interval., Response Generalization - The occurrence of a similar response to a stimulus that was not trained but shares similarities with the original stimulus., Forward Chaining: - Starts with teaching the first behavior in a sequence and then adding on subsequent behaviors until the full sequence is mastered., Antecedent Behavior Consequence (ABC) - data collection that involves recording the antecedent event(s) that occurred before the behavior, documenting the behavior itself, and recording the immediate consequence(s) that followed the behavior., Naturalistic Training Procedures - Uses naturalistic techniques and can be embedded within play or everyday routines to teach skills., Access to something in the Environment - This refers to a behavior in which a student engages to obtain access to a positive item or activity in their environment., Reinforcer - A consequence that strengthens a behavior., Physical prompt - A type of prompt that involves providing physical guidance or assistance to help the learner perform the expected behavior, Discriminative Stimuli (SD) - This is a stimulus that signals a particular response will be reinforced. Or more simply put the INSTRUCTION., Shaping - Shaping involves reinforcing successive approximations towards a desired behavior until the target behavior is achieved., Generalization - The process of transferring and applying learned skills from one situation or setting to another that is not identical to the original training situation or setting., Social Skills - Social skills refer to a set of interpersonal skills used to communicate and interact with others effectively., Direct FBA Procedures - This involves direct observation and skill assessments to identify the function of the behavior., Positive Reinforcement - A consequence that involves adding something to the environment to increase the future likelihood of a behavior., Latency - The amount of time from a prompt to the start of the behavior. To measure latency, start a stopwatch when the prompt is given and stop it when the behavior starts., S-Delta - A stimulus in the presence of which a particular response will not be reinforced, indicating that the behavior is not appropriate in that context., Escaping Something in the Body - This refers to engaging in behavior to escape or alleviate something aversive in the body, such as pain or discomfort., Tangible Extinction - With this technique, access to a specific item or activity is withheld during the occurrence of the behavior., Positive Punishment - A consequence that involves introducing something to decrease the future likelihood of a behavior., Discrete Trial Training (DTT) - This is a teaching method that presents learning trials in quick succession with a clear beginning and end to each trial. It has three parts., Skill Assessments - Skill assessment is the process of evaluating a student's current level of skills in various areas, including social, coping, self-help, language, learning, daily living, and communication skills., Least-to-Most Prompt Fading - A prompt hierarchy in which fewer prompts are given at the beginning of a teaching interaction, and more intrusive prompts are gradually introduced if the learner needs help., Time Delay Prompt Fading - This technique involves gradually increasing the time delay between an instruction and a prompt to encourage independent responding by the learner., Maintenance - Assessing the student's ability to perform mastered skills over time., Verbal Prompt - Verbal cues or instructions given to the learner to assist in performing a correct response., Duration - This is the length of time a behavior occurs. Duration data collection involves starting and stopping a stopwatch when the behavior begins and ends., Preference Assessment - A set of procedures used to identify preferred stimuli that may function to increase the frequency of specific behaviors when delivered after the occurrence of those behaviors., Gestural Prompt - A type of prompt in which the trainer indicates the correct response by making a physical gesture or movement., Task Modification - This involves modifying the task itself to make it more manageable for the learner or to reduce the likelihood of problem behaviors., Fixed Ratio (FR) - This refers to providing reinforcement after a fixed number of responses occur., Stimulus Discrimination - The ability to differentiate between different stimuli and respond appropriately to each., Negative Reinforcement: - Removing or avoiding an aversive stimulus from the environment to increase the future probability of the behavior occurring., Discontinuous Measurement Procedures - This involves sampling the target behavior instead of measuring every instance within the observation period., Model prompt - A prompt where the desired response is demonstrated., Escaping Something in the Environment: - This refers to engaging in behavior to escape or avoid something aversive in the environment., Visual Prompt - : Visual aids or cues used to assist the learner in performing a correct response, such as picture schedules or visual timers., High Probability Sequence/Behavior Momentum - Presenting a series of tasks or demands with a high probability of success in order to increase the likelihood of compliance with a lower probability task or demand., Non-Contingent Reinforcement - This is providing access to a preferred item or activity regardless of behavior. This will act as an abolishing operation on the reinforcer., Fixed Interval (FI) - This refers to providing reinforcement on a fixed schedule of time. The first response that occurs after a fixed amount of time elapses is reinforced.,

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