social-contract theory - the idea that the legitimacy of a government stems from an unwritten contract between the ruler and the ruled; a ruler who breaks this contract by abusing people’s rights loses legitimacy and may be overthrown, formal authority - power to give orders and enforce rules that has been defined in a legal or official way, coercion - the use of force or threats to make people do things against their will, sovereignty - the right to exercise supreme authority over a geographic region, a group, or oneself, government - institutions and officials organized to establish and carry out policy, politics - the process and method of making decisions for groups, revenue - government income, raised through taxes and other means, to be used for public expenses, legitimacy - the quality of being accepted as an authority, often applied to laws or those in power, institution - an established organization, especially one providing a public service, and the rules that guide it, civil - having to do with citizens, abuse of power - the misuse of authority for harmful, unethical, or illegal ends, divine right of kings - the idea that kings derive their authority from God, not from their subjects, and thus have absolute power to govern, nation-state - An independent state, especially one in which the people share a common culture. In a nation-state, people have a sense of belonging to one country, even if they have different ethnic backgrounds., Machiavellian - characterized by cunning or ruthless methods to obtain and maintain power; associated with the political philosophy of Niccoló Machiavelli that “the end justifies the means”, public good - A product or service that is available for all people to consume, whether they pay for it or not, tribute - payments in money or goods to ancient empires by smaller states that were under their control, civil disobedience - a form of protest in which people disobey a law they consider unjust, Mandate of Heaven - an ancient Chinese doctrine that the ruler was the “son of heaven” and thus enjoyed supreme authority, power - The ability to cause others to behave as they might not otherwise choose to do, authority - The legal right or power to give orders and enforce rules,

AGES Unit I Key Terms First Half

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