John Dalton's Solid Sphere Model - This model proposed that atoms are indivisible and each element is made up of identical atoms. It was the first atomic theory to be accepted., J.J. Thomson - This scientist used the cathode ray tube to discover the electron and proposed the "plum pudding" model, where electrons are embedded in a positively charged "pudding.", Ernest Rutherford - This scientist is credited with discovering the nucleus and proposing a model where most of the atom’s mass is concentrated in a small, dense center, with electrons orbiting around it. This was based on his famous gold foil experiment., Niels Bohr’s Planetary Model - This model introduced the idea that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels or shells, and electrons could "jump" between levels by absorbing or emitting energy., Quantum Mechanical Model - This model, also known as the electron cloud model, proposed that electrons do not follow fixed orbits but instead exist in probabilistic regions called orbitals. It incorporates the principles of wave mechanics., Plum Pudding Model - This model of the atom was suggested by J.J. Thomson proposed that the atom is a "sea" of positive charge with electrons floating inside like "plums" in a "pudding.",

Development of Atomic Models

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