Give a reason that cells need to divide? - For growth, repair of damaged tissue, replacing dead cells, What is a stem cell? - An unspecialised cell that has the potential to differentiate into any cell type, What are the 2 types of stem cells? - Embryonic and tissue stem cells, Give 3 examples of specialised cells in the body? - Anything EXCEPT stem cells i.e. red blood cells, sperm cells, muscle cells..., State a feature of a red blood cell and explain the reason for this feature? - No nucleus to carry more oxygen OR biconcave shape gives more surface area to carry more oxygen, Give a feature of a sperm cell and state a reason for this feature? - Has a tail so it can swim to the egg, What must chromosomes do before the cell divides? - Replicate themselves, Describe the stages of mitosis in order. If you missed any key steps mark as incorrect and come back to this. - 1 - Chromosomes replicate, 2 - Chromosomes shorten and thicken and the nuclear membrane disappears, 3 - Sister chromatids line up at the equator of the cell, 4 - Sister chromatids pulled apart by spindle fibres, 5 - New nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, 6 - The cytoplasm splits and 2 daughter cells genetically identical to the parent are produced, Where are blood cells produced? - By tissue stem cells in the bone marrow, Which type of stem cell has the potential to differentiate into ANY specialised cell type? - Embryonic, Which type of stem cell can only divide into cell types from the tissue it is in? - Tissue stem cell, What are the 5 levels of organisation in living things? - Cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organisms,

2.1 Producing new cells.

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