1) In the nucleus, the DNA helix unzips, RNA nucleotides line up, and _____ _________ joins them along one strand of the DNA, following the base-pairing rules. a) RNA polymerase b) DNA polymerase c) RNA ligase d) DNA ligase 2) A specific nucleotide sequence called a _________ acts as a binding site for RNA polymerase and determines where transcription starts. a) Promoter b) Terminator c) Start codon d) Connector 3) RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides until it reaches a sequence of DNA bases called the _______, which signals the end of a gene. a) Promoter b) Terminator c) Inhibitor d) Stop codon 4) RNA that encodes amino acid sequences is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it conveys genetic messages from DNA to the translation machinery of the cell. a) True b) False 5) Before leaving the nucleus as mRNA, eukaryotic transcripts undergo RNA _______. a) Assembling b) Splitting c) Formation d) Splicing 6) Click all are correct once you read through the answers. In RNA splicing: a) Introns (noncoding segments of RNA) are spliced out b) Exons (the parts of a gene that are expressed) are spliced together c) A cap and tail are added to the ends of the mRNA d) All are correct 7) In translation, a ribosome attaches to mRNA and translates its message into a specific polypeptide, aided by ________ RNA (tRNA) a) Telophone b) Transport c) Transfer d) Transplant 8) Next, each tRNA is a ________ molecule bearing a base triplet called an _________ on one end and a specific amino acid attachment at the other end. a) Folded, procodon b) Folded, anticodon c) Clustered, procodon d) Clustered, anticodon 9) Informational: ribosomes are structures in the cytoplasm that coordinate functioning of mRNA and tRNA and catalyze the synthesis of polypeptides. a) Next b) Correct 10) Ribosomes are made of ________ RNA (rRNA) and proteins. a) Ribosomal b) Ribose 11) Ribosomes have binding sites for ________ and ________. a) rRNA, mRNA b) tRNA, rRNA c) tRNA, mRNA 12) Transcription and translation can be divided into the same 3 phases: a) Initiation, elongation, termination b) Elongation, initiation, termination c) Initiation, termination, elongation d) Statement is false 13) Initiation brings together: a) mRNA b) a tRNA bearing the first amino acid c) the two subunits of a ribosome d) All are correct 14) Initiation occurs in __ steps. a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 15) ________ are changes in the genetic information of a cell or virus, caused by errors in DNA replication or recombination, or by physical or chemical agents called ________. a) Mutagens, mutations b) Mutations, mutagens c) Allergens, mutations d) Allergens, mutagens 16) Substituting, inserting, or deleting nucleotides will NOT alter a gene. a) True b) False

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