1) In mammals, which structure is responsible for the production of sound? a) Pharynx b) Epiglottis c) Larynx d) Bronchi 2) During swallowing, the entry of food into the larynx is prevented by the: a) Nasal chamber b) Pharynx c) Epiglottis d) Alveoli 3) What type of membrane surrounds the lungs, reducing friction on the lung surface? a) Pleura b) Diaphragm c) Cartilage d) Epithelium 4) The conducting part of the respiratory system extends from. a) Alveoli to the nasal chamber b) External nostrils to terminal bronchioles c) Pharynx to lungs d) Larynx to diaphragm 5) The structure responsible for separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity is. a) Pleura b) Diaphragm c) Sternum d) Larynx 6) During inhalation, what creates the pressure gradient that pulls air into the lungs? a) Decreased intrapulmonary pressure b) Positive intrapleural pressure c) Lower atmospheric pressure d) Increased intrapulmonary pressure 7) Why are alveoli highly efficient for gas exchange? a) Thick walls prevent fluid loss b) Lined with ciliated cells c) Large surface area with capillaries d) Composed of cartilage 8) What is the role of surfactant in the lungs? a) Increases surface tension to keep alveoli open b) Reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse c) Creates a barrier for oxygen absorption d) Dissolves carbon dioxide 9) How do bronchioles differ in function from the trachea? a) Bronchioles are for gas exchange, trachea is for transport b) Bronchioles regulate airflow to alveoli; trachea is a rigid passage c) Trachea controls airflow, bronchioles are rigid d) Both perform the same function 10) How does the pO₂ gradient enable oxygen diffusion in alveoli? a) Alveolar pO₂ is lower, so oxygen diffuses into capillaries b) Higher pO₂ in alveoli drives oxygen into blood c) pO₂ is higher in blood, so oxygen diffuses into alveoli d) Oxygen is actively transported into alveoli

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