1) Those involved in the synthesis of larger and more complexed compounds from smaller precursors (ENDOTHERMIC) a) Anabolic pathway b) Catabolic pathway c) Amphibolic pathway 2) Below are the example of Anabolic Pathway, except; a) Protein synthesis b) Triacylglycerol synthesis c) Glycogen Synthesis d) Beta oxidation of fatty acids 3) Which of the following is an example of Amphibolic Pathway? a) Protein synthesis b) Citric acid cycle c) Glycogen synthesis d) beta oxidation of fatty acids 4) ABNORMAL METABOLISM due to NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY a) Marasmus b) Diabetes milletus c) Cushings syndrome d) Kernicterus 5) Average physical activity increases metabolic rate by ________ over the basal or resting metabolic rate a) 30-40% b) 40-50% c) 50-60% d) 20-30% 6) In fasting state, acquisition of fuels of Muscle and Liver can be acquired with the following except a) Fatty acid Oxidation b) Liver synthesize ketone bodies c) GlycolysisNon-essential amino acid oxidation 7) A disease where there is impaired synthesis & secretion of insulin , or impaired sensitivity of tissues to insulin action leading to severe metabolic derangement a) Diabetes mellitus b) Diabetes Insipidus c) Cushings syndrome d) Marasmus 8) Humans need to process the absorbed products of digestion and these products are processed by their respective metabolic pathways to a common product called? a) NADH b) FADH2 c) Acetyl CoA d) Camp depenendent kinase 9) Acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized by? a) Oxidative phosphorylation b) Citric acid cycle c) Glycolysis d) Gluconeogenesis 10) Glucose is metabolized to pyruvate and lactate in all mammalian cells by? a) Glycolysis b) Glycogenesis c) Glycogenolysis d) Lipogenesis 11) what metabolic product that occurs in the Anaerobic Glycolysis (Lack of Oxygen)? a) pyruvate b) FADH c) Acetyl CoA d) Lactate 12) It is a source of reducing equivalents for Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and also source of ribosomes a) Pentose phosphate pathway b) Citric acid cycle c) Oxidative phosphorylation d) Glycolysis 13) gives rise to the glycerol moiety of Triglycerides a) Maltose phosphate b) Pentose phosphate c) Triose phosphate d) tetriose phosphate 14) provide the carbon skeletons for Amino Acid Synthesis and Acetyl-CoA, the building block for Long-Chain Fatty Acid and Cholesterol, the precursor of all steroids a) Pyruvate intermediates b) lactate intermediates c) citric acid cycle intermediates d) both A and C 15) In lipid metabolism, the source of long-chain fatty acids is either the a) Dietary lipids b) Steroid biosynthesis c) De novo synthesis d) Both B and C e) Both A and C f) None of the above 16) Constitute the body’s main caloric reserve a) Monoacylglycerol b) Triacylglycerol c) Fatty acids d) Creatine phosphate 17) In the liver, used to form ketone bodies, __________, which are important fuels in prolonged fasting and starvation a) Acetone b) Acetoacetate c) 3-OHbutyrate d) Acetic acid e) A, C and D f) B and C 18) Carbon skeletons after transamination are resulted to the following except: a) Oxidized to CO2 in Citric Acid Cycle b) Form glucose (Gluconeogenesis) c) Form ketone bodies or acetyl CoA, which may be oxidized or used for fatty acid d) Non-essential amino acid synthesis 19) Amino acids are precursors of the following, except? a) Epinephrine b) Thyroxine c) Soap d) neurotransmitters 20) Lipids are first metabolized by the extrahepatic tissues with _______ which hydrolysis the triacylglycerol, releasing fatty acids that are incorporated to the tissue lipids or oxidized as fuel a) Lipoprotein lipase b) lingual lipase c) Pancreatic lipase d) Amylase 21) Triacyglycerol is taken up by most tissues except? a) Heart b) lungs c) Brain d) RBC e) C and D f) A and B 22) Mitochondria houses the enzymes of the following except: a) Citric Acid Cycle b) Respiratory Assembly and ATP Synthase c) Beta-oxidation of Fatty Acids d) Ketone Body Formation e) NOTA f) AOTA 23) Mitochondria (in the cytosol) is also the collecting point of carbon skeletons and are used for the following except: a) Non-essential Amino Acid Synthesis b) Glycolysis c) Pentose Phosphate Pathway d) Gluconeogenesis 24) Enzymes catalyzing “nonequilibrium reactions” are often a) Metalloproteins b) Allosteric proteins c) Iron-sulfur proteins d) AOTA 25) Cytokines are released in response to tumors and diseases, there is an increase in the rate of tissue protein catabolism as well as increased metabolic rate, so they a) Kwashiorkor b) marasmus c) Cachexia d) Phenylketonuria 26) A small hydrophobic molecule that is dissolved in the inner mitochondrial membrane a) Coenzyme A b) Coenzyme B c) Coenzyme Q d) Cytochrome C 27) A small, water soluble protein that transfers electrons bet Complex III and IV a) Coenzyme A b) Coenzyme B c) Coenzyme Q d) Cytochrome C 28) enzymes in the the outer membrane of mitpchondria a) Adenylyl kinase b) Creatine kinase c) Acetyl CoA synthethase d) Glycerophosphate acyl transferase e) A and B f) C and D 29) which complexes acts as proton pumps a) I,II,III b) II,III,IV c) I,II,IV d) I,III,IV 30) Complex IV transloxates how many protons? a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8 31) Some substrates with more positive redox potentials than NAD+/NADH (eg, succinate) pass electrons to Q via: a) Cytochrome C oxidoreductase (III) b) Cytochrome C Oxidase (IV) c) NADH-Q- Oxidoreductase (I) d) Succinate-Q-Reductase (II) 32) oxidation of one QH2 is coupled to the reduction of two molecules of__________via the Q cycle a) Coenzyme A b) Cytochrome C c) Glycerophosphate d) Malate 33) carries reducing equivalents across the membrane to the mitochondria, since the mitochondria is impermeable to NADH. a) Malate b) Glycerophosphate c) Triose phosphate d) Pyruvate 34) inhibits the phosphate transporter and pyruvate symport. a) N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE b) N-ACETYLMALEIMIDE c) N-MALEIMIDE d) NOTA 35) Drugs that inhibit oxidative phosphorylation are the following except: a) Amobarbital b) Carbon monoxide c) Cyanide d) Quabain 36) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting the transporter (ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE) of ADP into and ATP out of the mitochondrion a) Dinucleoside b) Atractyloside c) Polynucleoside d) NOTA 37) inhibits electron transport at complex III are the following except a) Amobarbital b) Antimycin A c) Dimercarpol d) NOTA 38) Reduced cytochrome c is oxidized by____________, with the concomitant reduction of O2 to two molecules of water a) Complex IV b) Complex II c) Complex III d) Complex I 39) Very large protein complex and Has an L-shape and Acts as proton pump that uses the movement of electrons to move H+ ions into the intermembrane space a) Succinate Oxidoreductase b) Cytochrome C oxidoreductase c) Cytochrome C oxidase d) NADH Oxidoreductase 40) ball-like shape arranged around an axis and contains the phosphorylation mechanism  a) F1 b) F0 c) F3 d) F4 41) blocks the flow of protons through ATP synthase a) Amobarbital b) Barbituates c) Cyanide d) Antibiotic oligomycin 42) Dissociate oxidation in the respiratory chain from phosphorylation; oxidation can proceed without phosphorylation. a) Ionophores b) Uncouplers c) Regulators d) NOTA 43) The following is an inherited condition due to NADH-Q oxidoreductase (Complex I) oreductase (Complex I) or cytochrome oxidase (Complex IV) deficiency Except a) Infantile fatal mitochondrial Myopathy b) Stroke c) Lactic acidosis d) Mitochondrial encephalopathy 44) are found in Complexes I, II, and III and take part in single electron transfer reactions in which one Fe atom undergoes oxidoreduction between Fe2+ and Fe3+  a) Iron sulfur proteins b) Cytochrome C c) Coenzyme Q d) NOTA 45) the following inhibit Complex IV: arrest respiration except a) H2s b) Antibiotic oligomycin c) Cyanide d) Carbon monoxide 46) which completes the chain, passing the electrons to O2 and causing it to be reduced to H2O a) Complex II b) Complex III c) Complex IV d) Complex I 47) Act as an energy buffer by acting as a dynamic system for transfer of high-energy phosphate from mitochondria in active tissues such as heart and skeletal muscle a) Arginine phosphate b) Creatine phosphate c) Glycogen d) Bicarbonate 48) forms ATP in the presence of Pi + ADP a) ATP Synthetase b) ATP Synthase c) Acetyl CoA Synthethase d) NOTA 49) A subunit of ATP synthase that spans the membrane and forms a proton channel a) F1 b) F2 c) F0 d) F3 50) Uncoupler found in brown adipose tissue and generate body heat, particularly for the newborn and hibernating animals a) Dinitrophenol b) Ionophores c) Valinomycin d) Thermogenin 51) have no mitochondria and glycolysis always end in lactate a) WBC b) RBC c) Platelets d) Lymphocytes 52) This enzyme is NAD dependent. Inhibited by the poison Iodoacetate.(step 6) a) Phosphofructokinase b) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase c) phosphoglycerate kinase d) phosphoglyceromutase 53) the following are Irreversible reactions except a) Hexokinase b) Phosphofructokinase c) Glucose oxidase d) Pyruvate kinase 54) what step in glycolysis where conversion of Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate and the enzyme is Hexokinase a) Step 1 b) Step 8 c) Step 10 d) Step 7 55) enzyme involved in step 5 a) Hexokinase b) triose phosphate isomerase c) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase d) Phosphofructokinase 56) In Glycolysis in RBCs, the reaction catalyzed by a) phosphoglycerate kinase b) Phosphofructokinase c) Glucose oxidase d) triose phosphate isomerase 57) Most important enzyme of glycolysis a) Hexokinase b) Phosphofructokinase c) Glucose oxidase d) Pyruvate kinase 58) the following Conditions produce lactate exept: a) Sepsis b) Cancer c) Anaphylaxis d) NOTA 59) organs that undergo anaerobic glycolysis: a) brain b) GI tract c) renal medulla d) retina e) A, B and C f) AOTA 60) These molecules exist in equilibrium (step 5) a) DHAP b) PGAL c) A and B d) NOTA 61) high intake of ______ can lead to obesity.  a) Fructose b) Glucose c) Maltose d) Sucrose 62) impaired activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase esp. in thiamine deficiency a) Ketoacidosis b) Lactic acidosis c) Ketosis d) A and B 63) Total gross ATP product of energy-releasing phase a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 8 64) enzyme involved in step 8 of glycolysis a) phosphoglyceromutase b) Pyruvate kinase c) Glucose oxidase d) Phosphofructokinase 65) are important components of Complexes I and II and transfer 2 electrons to form FMNH2 and FADH2 a) Allosteric proteins b) iron-sulfur proteins c) Flavoproteins d) Metalloproteins 66) deficient enzyme of glycolysis (pyruvate kinase) a) Anemia of chronic infection b) Megaloblastic anemia c) Aplastic anemia d) Hemolytic anemia 67) Inhibited by fluoride and Dependent on Mg++ or Mn++ ions a) Elastase b) Enolase c) Esterase d) Enterokinase 68) the simplest alpha-keto acid a) Pyruvic acid b) Phytic acid c) Bile acid d) Pantothenic acid 69) used in liver for gluconeogenesis to increased metabolic rate to provide ATP and GTP needed a) NOTA b) Both c) pyruvate d) lactate 70) result of energy-requiring phase a) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate b) Triose phosphate c) Glucose-6-phosphate d) Fructose-1,6-biphosphate aldolase 71) donates electrons to an acceptor molecule when oxygen is absent - NAD+ is generated, no ATPs made a) FAD b) FADH c) NADH d) NADP 72) accumulates lactate when need for ATP formation exceeds rate at which oxygen is used a) liver b) heart c) skeletal muscle d) Brain 73) Glycolysis is a series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into ________ a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 10 74) an organic molecule derived from vitamin B5 a) Coenzyme Q b) Coenzyme A c) Cytochrome C d) Ionophores 75) activated by trypsin and calcium and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids into fatty acids and lysophospholipid a) Carboxypeptidase A b) Carboxypeptidase B c) Endopeptidase d) Phospholipase A2 76) collected by the lymphatic system in the intestine and emptied to the venous blood via the thoracic duct. a) VLDL b) LDL c) Chylomicrons d) HDL 77) binds calcium in intestinal lumen, prevents its absorption. a) Hydrochloric acid b) Gastric acid c) Phytic acid d) Sulfuric acid 78) hydrolyzes peptide bonds containing glycine, alanine and serine a) Elastase b) Endopeptidase c) Carboxypeptidase d) Enterokinase 79) Expression of ferroportin gene is downregulated by a) Ferritin b) Hepcidin c) Pepsin d) Trypsin 80) Involved in the transfer of L-isomer amino acids across the intestinal mucosa a) B12 b) B7 c) B2 d) B6 81) Those involved in the synthesis of larger and more complexed compounds from smaller precursors a) Anabolic pathway b) Catabolic pathway 82) Activates proelastase to elastase a) Proelastin b) Chymotrypsin c) Trypsin d) Cholecystokinin 83) observed among adults, represents a gradual decline of lactase activity. a) Primary lactase deficiency b) Secondary lactase deficiency c) Tertiary lactase deficiency d) Primary sucrase deficiency 84) Stimulates the releases of pepsin and intrinsic factor from the gastric mucosa. a) Secretin b) Pepsinogen c) Trypsin d) Gastrin 85) secreted by parietal (oxyntic) cells with the help of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. a) Phytic acid b) Sulfuric acid c) Gastric acid d) Hydrochloric acid 86) Reduction of protein synthesis, impaired immune response prone to infection. Impaired intestinal cell proliferation resulting in reduced surface area for nutrient absorption a) Marasmus b) Cachexia c) Kwarshiorkor d) Lactose intolerance 87) there is net loss of protein nitrogen from the body – “negative nitrogen balance” except a) infection b) Trauma c) Convalescence d) Pregnant women 88) BMI desirable range: a) 30-35 b) 20-25 c) 15-20 d) 25-30 89) Characteristic of marasmus except a) prolonged insufficient caloric intake b) Occurs on adult and children c) wasting d) Edema 90) absorption requires a specific transport protein, “intrinsic factor” a) B6 b) B7 c) B2 d) B12 91) Protein deficiency leads to stunting, a) Kwashiorkor b) Marasmus c) Cachexia d) Sucrase deficiency 92) Most powerful stimulant to the pancreas to secrete secretion rich in water and bicarbonate (Hydrelatic secretion). a) Gastrin b) Trypsin c) Secretin d) Chymotrpsin 93) Follows celiac disease and gastroenteritis ex. rota virus diarrhea a) Secondary lactase deficiency b) Primary lactase deficiency c) Tertiary lactase deficiency d) Primary sucrase deficiency 94) Stimulates the pancreas to secrete secretion rich in digestive enzyme (Ecbolic secretion) a) Endopeptidase b) Pancreomyzin c) Secretin d) Trypsin 95) Yeast contain _______ that dephosphorylate phytase rendering them inactive a) Esterase b) Amylase c) Phytase d) Lipase 96) symptoms appear in early childhood and symptoms are same in lactase deficiency. a) Galactosemia b) Fructase deficiency c) Sucrase deficiency d) Maltase deficiency 97) responsible for odor of feces a) Skatole b) Stercobilin c) Urobilin d) Imidole 98) Answer choicesCatalyzes the hydrolysis of alternating alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkage starting from the distal end of starch and glycogen. a) Salivary amylase b) Pancreatic amylase c) Lingual lipase d) Pancreatic lipase 99) Important among breastfed infants, human breast milk triglycerides contain mostly short chain fatty acids esterified in sn 3 a) Salivary amylase b) pancreatic amylase c) Lingual lipase d) Pancreatic lipase

BIOCHEM MIDTERM PRETEST

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