Founder effect: A group of 10 animals migrates to a new island and establishes a population., A few plants from the mainland are blown by a storm to a nearby, uninhabited island, where they start a new population., A small group of fish is transported to a new lake, where they start a new population., Ten settlers arrive on an isolated island and start a new human population with limited genetic diversity., A few bird species fly to a distant island and establish a new population with fewer alleles than the mainland population., Bottleneck effect: A large bird population experiences a drastic decline due to a wildfire, reducing it to only 50 survivors., A disease outbreak kills 90% of a rabbit population, leaving only a few survivors with limited genetic diversity., A volcano eruption reduces a large population of lizards to a few dozen survivors., After a long drought, only a small portion of a large deer population survives, drastically reducing genetic diversity., An invasive species wipes out most of a large squirrel population, leaving only a few genetically similar survivors.,

Founder effect Vs. Bottleneck effect

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