Supports localisation: Motor cortex - motor movements controlled by motor cortex in frontal lobe, Phineas Gage - frontal lobe damaged and affected emotions but not other functions, Dougherty et cl - OCD patients who had cingulotomy (operation lesioning cingulate gyrus) improved, Supports language localisation: Broca's study of Tan - damage to Broca's area meant he could not produce language (apart from the word 'Tan'), Wernicke's study of a patient with damage to Wernicke's area who had issues with speech comprehension and created nonsense words, Petersen - brain scans during reading and listening tasks showed Broca and Wernicke's areas as independent, Challenges localisation: Lashley - taught rats a maze and then removed parts of their brain, no evidence of certain parts being more important in learning, more holistic, Challenges language localisation: Dick and Trembley - modern fMRI scans indicate maybe language is more holistic, streams across the cortex, Supports lateralisation: Sperry - Split brain patients, Fink - PET scans indicate right hemisphere deals with global aspects of image and left with looking at details, Silberman and Weingartner - hemispheres deal with different emotions, damage to left led to depression, damage to right led to mania, Challenges lateralisation: Danielli et al - case study of EB - left hemisphere removed as child due to tumor, has developed language, right hemisphere has compensated, WADA test - anaesthetic used to shut down one side of the brain. Individual differences, some it affected language completely, some partially and some had no affect,

Localisation and Lateralisation evidence

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