Delegation - Assigning responsibility and authority to subordinates to complete specific tasks while the manager retains accountability., Span of Control - The number of employees a manager directly oversees., Levels of Hierarchy - The layers of authority within an organization, from top management to the lowest levels., Chain of Command - The formal line of authority through which orders are passed in an organization, from top to bottom., Bureaucracy - A system with strict rules, procedures, and a clear hierarchy, often seen in large organizations., Centralization - Decision-making is concentrated at the top levels of the organization., Decentralization - Decision-making is spread out across various levels of the organization., De-layering - Reducing the number of management levels to create a flatter organization., Matrix Structure - An organizational system where employees report to multiple managers, often across different departments and projects.,

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