This branch deals with both the external and internal structures of organism. The subject concerning internal. structure is also known as Anatomy - Morphology, In this branch discussion is made on identification nomenclature, and classification of plants and animals into groups and subgroups - Taxonomy, This branch includes all the activities of living things e.g. growth respiration, excretion, photosynthesis and other biological activities. - Physiology, In this branch discussion is made on structure, location and function of different tissues - Histology, Each living organism consists of one or more cells. Structures and functions of cells are treated in this branch of Biology - Cytology, is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division at one particular site - Budding, It is usually involves only the plant’s vegetative structure like roots, stems, and leaves - Vegetative Reproduction, During ______ _______, the cell divides into two daughter cells that are similar in size and shape - Binary Fission , type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes and almost never changes the number of chromosomes - Asexual reproduction , eggs are fertilized inside the female's body, Animals, like reptiles and birds, lay eggs after fertilization. New offspring develop outside the female's body. All eggs are covered by a protective shell. - Internal fertilization, Mammal females, except __________, develop a new embryo inside their body - monotremes, the egg is fertilized outside the female's body, This type of fertilization usually occurs in water. Amphibians and fish are examples of animals that reproduce in this way - External Fertilization, is the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther (male part) to the stigma (female part) of the plant, thereby enabling fertilization and reproduction - Pollination, in which two similar organisms fuse, exchange genetic material and then break apart - Conjugation, detached pieces of the parent’s body can develop into a new organism if this body part contains enough genetic information - Regeneration, are internal buds found in sponges and are involved in asexual reproduction - Gemmules, Fusion of male and female - Fertilization, organisms that cannot make their own food and obtain their energy from other organisms. - heterotrophs, organisms that obtain energy from sunlight and chemicals to produce their own food. - Autotrophs, flower stalk of an individual flower - Pedicel, base of the flower - Receptacle, Protective leaf-like enclosures for the flower buds, usually green, collectively called calyx - Sepals, Usually colorful modified leaves that make up the “flower”, collectively called the corolla. They may contain perfume and nectar glands - Petals, stalk supporting anthers - Filament, pollen-producing organs - Anthers, male flower organ - Stamen, unfertilized, immature seeds - Ovules, contains ovules or embryo sacs - Ovary, connective tissues between stigma and ovary - Style, receives pollen, typically flattened and sticky - Stigma, Central female organ of the flower. It is generally bowling-pin shaped and located in the center of the flower - Pistil, In some animal species, eggs can develop without fertilization in a process called - Parthenogenesis, are animals that have both female and male reproductive organs - Hermaphrodites, The random movement of molecules is called - diffusion, a thick liquid made up of partially digested proteins, starches, and acids and undigested sugars and fats - Chyme, mass of food that has been chewed at the point of swallowing - Bolus, plays an important role in the catabolic process by receiving glucose in blood from the intestines - Liver, converts fats to fatty acids and glycerol - Lipase , converts starch into sugar - Amylase, breaks protein into amino acid - Trypsin, release pancreatic juices that includes enzymes - Pancreas, Is a passage way through which urine is discharged from the bladder - urethra, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis - Circulation - The Internal Transport System, blood is pumped through tube, supplying cells with food and oxygen and carrying away waste products - closed circulatory system, blood moves freely inside the body cavity and soaks the cells with nourishment - open circulatory system, is the process which includes origin, development and maturation of all the blood cells. - Hematopoiesis, three types of nitrogenous wastes excreted by animals - Ammonia, Urea, Uric acid, inorganic nutrients needed in the body with small amount - Trace elements, Breaking down food into tiny pieces - Mechanical, Breakdown foods into tiny pieces with aid of acids and enzymes - Foods into tiny pieces with aid of acids and enzymes chemical, Stores bile - Gallbladder,

BIO 3rd MASTERY

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