Gametes - Sex cells containing a half set of chromosomes - egg and sperm., Number of chromosomes in a human cell - 46, Number of chromosome in an egg or sperm - 23, Karyotype - Pairs of matching chromosomes organised from largest to smallest to form a picture, Chromosome - A structure that is formed when DNA tightly coils up so that it is visible in the cell., Gene - Section of DNA that codes for a particular protein, Homologous chromosomes - Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes., Homozygous - Having two identical alleles for a particular gene, Heterozygous - Having two different alleles for a particular gene, Allele - An alternative form of a gene, Genotype - An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations, Phenotype - An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits, Dominant - An allele that is always expressed, Recessive - An allele that is not expressed when a dominant allele is present,

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