The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis (ACQ.) - This is the subconscious process of picking up a language, similar to how children learn their first language. It is a natural, intuitive process and occurs when learners are focused on communication rather than on the form of the language., The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis (Learn.) - This is the conscious process of knowing about a language, involving formal instruction and study of grammar rules. According to Krashen, "learning" is less effective for producing fluent, natural language use., The Monitor Hypothesis - This hypothesis suggests that the learned system acts as a editor that checks and corrects language output. To be effective, three conditions must be met: the speaker must have enough time, focus on form (not meaning), and know the rules. However, over-reliance on monitoring can impede fluent communication., The Input Hypothesis - Krashen posits that learners acquire language most effectively when they are exposed to "comprehensible input" that is slightly above their current proficiency level, denoted as "i+1." This means the input should be understandable but include some new language structures just beyond the learner's current ability., The Natural Order Hypothesis - language learners acquire grammatical structures in a predictable order, regardless of their native language and irrespective of the order in which grammar is taught. Some structures are acquired earlier and more easily, while others come later and require more time., The Affective Filter Hypothesis - emotional factors such as motivation, anxiety, and self-confidence affect language acquisition. A low affective filter (high motivation, low anxiety, high self-confidence) facilitates language acquisition, while a high affective filter (low motivation, high anxiety, low self-confidence) can hinder it by blocking comprehensible input from being processed., Example: Acquisition-learning Hyp. (ACQ) - A child learning Spanish by playing with native-speaking friends. They pick up phrases and vocabulary naturally through interaction, without formal grammar lessons., Example: Acquisition-learning Hyp. (Learn.) - An adult studying Spanish in a classroom setting, where the teacher explains grammar rules and students do exercises to practice conjugating verbs., Example: The Monitor Hypothesis - A student writing an essay in French. As they write, they remember the grammar rules they learned in class and correct their sentences. However, during a conversation, they may speak more fluently and naturally, without stopping to think about the rules., Example: The Input Hypothesis - An English learner who understands basic sentences listens to a story that includes slightly more complex sentences (i+1). The story might use the past tense occasionally, which the learner hasn't mastered yet. Because the context makes the meaning clear, the learner can understand and start to acquire the new structure., Example: Natural Order Hypothesis - A learner of English as a second language might first master the use of plural nouns (cats, dogs) before correctly using third-person singular verb forms (he runs, she walks), even if their language classes focus on verb forms first., Example: The Affective Filter Hypothesis - Two students are learning German. One is motivated and confident, attending a language club and practicing speaking regularly. The other is anxious and afraid of making mistakes, avoiding speaking opportunities. The first student is likely to acquire the language more effectively due to a lower affective filter.,

Krashen's Hypothesis

by
Print
Embed

Leaderboard

Visual style

Options

Switch template

Continue editing: ?