Physical characteristics. - Traits, Variety of trait expression within a population. - Variation, Thread-like structure that carries genetic information. - Chromosome, Expression of traits impacted by our surroundings. - Environmental, Trait expression determined by our DNA. E.g. Blood type. - Inherited, Deoxyribonucleic acid; a molecule carrying information for development and functioning. - DNA, Building block of DNA; Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G) - Nucleotides, A twisted ladder / two linked strands of sugar + phosphate group. - Double Helix, Two complementary necleotide bases that pair together. Apple in Tree, Car in Garage. - Base Pairs, A change to the DNA sequence of a gene. Spontaneous or environmental. E.g. Radiation. - Mutation, A single set of (n) of chromosomes in an organism's cells. E.g. gametes. - Haploid, Two sets (2n) of chromosomes, one from each parent. - Diploid, A section of DNA that instructs for a trait. E.g eye colour. - Gene, Cell division for reproduction. E.g. Four daughter cells with half (haploid) the number of chromosomes to parent cell. - Meiosis, Cell division for growth/repair. Two daughter cells with identical (diploid) number of chromosomes to parent cell. - Mitosis, A variant of a gene for a trait. E.g. brown eyes. - Allele, The reproductive cells of an organism. Divides via meiosis. E.g. ova and sperm. - Gametes, Any body cell of a living organism other than reproductive cells. Divides via mitosis. - Somatic, An inheritance chart of a 'trait' or 'health' condition through generations. - Pedigree, Inheritance on X + Y chromosomes = trait differences between sexes. E.g. colour blindness. - Sex Linkage, Genetic makeup of unique set of alleles for a certain trait.  - Genotype, Observable / physical traits of of genotypes. May be influenced by the environment. - Phenotype, Breeding diagram used to predict genotypes. - Punnett Square, The overruling allele of a gene that is always expressed when present.  - Dominant, The masked allele of a gene that is only expressed when paired with another recessive. - Recessive , Inheriting the same version (allele) of a gene from each parent. - Homozygous, Inheriting different alleles of a gene. Expression is determined by the dominant vs recessive relationship. - Heterozygous, The gene locus is on a non-sex chromosome (homologous pairs #1 - #22) - Autosomal, A person who has (carries) one affected allele in their genotype but does not show the phenotype trait. (heterozygous and recessive)  - Carrier,

Genetics Vocabulary

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