Housing challenge: Houses in informal settlements such as Makoko are made of flimsy materials and are built on stilts in the lagoon., 60% of the population live in informal settlements like Makoko, Informal settlements are found on illegally occupied land (it doesn’t belong to them). It is often marshy poorly drained land that no one else wants to build on, Santitation challenge: Communal toilets are shared by up to 15 households, There are no sewage systems and raw sewage is ejected into the lagoon causing health problems such as cholera, Lack of sanitation basic facilities in informal settlements areas, Basic services and infrastructure challenge: Richer households use diesel generators to produce electricity but can often run out of diesel and supply in garages can be unreliable, Only the wealthiest homes have a piped water supply. Other poorer areas have to share communal water points up to 3km away from the residential areas, Electricity supply in poorest areas comes from illegal connections that often cut out., Environmental challenge: Large rubbish dumps contain illegal and toxic waste, Traffic congestion is really bad. It can take up to 2 hours to travel in the city in the rush hours known as ‘go slow’, Factory emissions are not controlled leading to air and water pollution, There is no system to deal with waste from factories, Only 40% of rubbish is officially collected, Employment challenge: There are not enough formal jobs for all migrants. Many people work informally for example scavenging in the Olusosun rubbish dump for things to sell, There is high unemployment in Lagos state owing to the influx of people from every corner of the country, Health and education challenges: There are few primary schools in the informal settlements areas and it is very expensive to send your child to school. For some families it is unaffordable., Many of the poorest people in Lagos cannot afford to pay to visit the hospital so there are many cheaper (unregulated and unqualified) alternatives which are not always safe to use.,

AQA Urban issues - challenges of Lagos

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