Principles or rules of conduct that govern the behavior of individuals or groups, typically based on cultural, religious, or personal beliefs about what is right or wrong. - Morals, The branch of philosophy that deals with questions about morality, such as what constitutes good and bad behavior, and the principles and values that guide ethical decision-making. - Ethics, An ethical theory that emphasizes the development of moral character and virtues such as honesty, courage, and compassion as the basis for ethical behavior. - Virtue Ethics, Selfless concern for the well-being of others, often involving acts of kindness, generosity, or sacrifice without expecting anything in return. - Altruism, An ethical theory that asserts that the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. - Utilitarianism, The process of making judgments about right and wrong actions based on ethical principles and values, often involving critical thinking and logical analysis. - Moral Reasoning, Beliefs or principles that individuals or societies regard as important and desirable, guiding behavior and decision-making. - Values, An ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of moral rules, duties, and obligations in determining the rightness or wrongness of actions, regardless of their consequences. - Deontology, The study of ethical issues arising from advances in neuroscience, including topics such as the ethics of brain research, neuroenhancement, and the implications of neuroscience for moral responsibility. - Neuroethics, A psychological phenomenon in which individuals comply with commands or orders from an authority figure, often without questioning the morality or consequences of their actions. - Obedience to Authority, The branch of ethics that deals with specific moral issues and dilemmas in various fields, such as medicine, business, politics, and technology. - Applied Ethics, Individuals who believe that all events, including human actions, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will, such as genetics, environment, or fate. - Determinists, Factors or circumstances that may mitigate or excuse the moral responsibility of an individual for their actions, such as coercion, duress, or mental impairment. - Excusing Conditions, The study or practice of improving the genetic quality of the human population through selective breeding or other means, often associated with controversial social and ethical implications. - Eugenics, A philosophical problem posed by Plato's dialogue "Euthyphro," concerning the relationship between morality and the will of the gods or divine command. - Euthyphro’s Dilemma, Individuals who advocate for maximizing individual freedom and minimizing government intervention in both personal and economic matters. - Libertarians, The branch of ethics that examines the nature, origins, and meaning of moral principles and judgments, exploring questions such as whether morality is objective or subjective. - Metaethics, The philosophical inquiry into the ultimate nature or basis of reality, often applied to ethical theories to explore the foundation of moral values and obligations. - Metaphysical Grounding, The branch of ethics that concerns the norms or standards by which moral actions and judgments are evaluated, focusing on questions about what one ought to do or how one ought to live. - Normative Ethics, Pertaining to facts or truths that are independent of individual perspectives or opinions, often contrasted with subjective judgments or preferences. - Objective, Based on personal opinions, feelings, or interpretations rather than on objective facts or external reality. - Subjective, The belief that moral judgments are relative to or dependent on the cultural, social, or historical context in which they occur, rejecting the existence of universal moral truths or standards. - Social Relativism, A trait or quality deemed morally good or desirable, such as honesty, integrity, or kindness, which guides behavior and character development. - Virtue, The ethical principle of treating others as one would wish to be treated oneself, often expressed as "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." - Golden Rule, The philosophical position that moral judgments are relative to individuals or cultures and that there are no universal or objective moral truths. - Moral Relativism, The belief that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of the context or consequences, based on universal moral principles. - Moral Absolutism, The process of producing a genetically identical copy of an organism, often used in scientific research and biotechnology, with ethical implications regarding human cloning and genetic manipulation. - Genetic Cloning, The legal sanction of execution as punishment for a crime, commonly known as the death penalty, with ethical debates concerning its morality, effectiveness, and fairness. - Capital Punishment, The practice of farming animals for the purpose of producing meat for human consumption, with ethical considerations regarding animal welfare, environmental impact, and dietary choices. - Raising Meat, An ethical theory that judges the morality of actions based on their outcomes or consequences, often aiming to maximize overall happiness or utility. - Consequentialism,

Flashcards - Philosophy vocab

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