Academic language tends to be more ____ and ____. There is a preference for standard, non-colloquial expressions that help promote ____ of meaning and establish common terms of reference. Academic communication should be inclusive, non-emotive and ____. For this reason, it tends to include the frequent use of modality, passive voice and ____ expressions. The appropriate use of this language helps to qualify claims and acknowledge degrees of uncertainty. Academic communication should be explicit and ____. Correct word choice and appropriate ____ helps to highlight connections and show logical relationships. It is important to avoid using ambiguous terms and unnecessarily ____ explanations. In an academic context, it is essential to provide appropriate ____ and sufficient justification for claims. A claim should be based on ____ discussion and respect for alternative positions. It should also reflect awareness of key stakeholders and their expectations.

Understanding academic conventions

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