Persian Empire - huge empire that ruled over lands in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, Darius - a great Persian king who ruled from 522 to 486 B.C.E, Persian Wars - period of fighting waged between Persian Empire and allied Greek city-states for control of Greece, cavalry - soldiers who ride horses, Xerxes - son of Darius and ruler of Persia; eventually defeated by the Greeks at the end of Persian Wars, Hellespont - a long, narrow body of water between Europe and the present day country of Turkey, navy - military that is on the water, Ionian Revolt - city of Ionian fought against Persian but lost when Athenian military left early, Battle of Marathon - 1st Persian War, Greece won b/c of better weapons and military strategy, Battle of Thermopylae - Second Battle: Persia used a small mountain passage to win and surround Spartans: Persia won, Battle of Salamis - third battle: fought on the sea: Greece won by slamming into Persian boats and sinking them, Battle of Plataeu - Final Persian War: Sparta and Athens join together to defeat Persian once and for all. , Themesticles - important navy commander who led the victory at the Battle of Salamis,

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