Natural Selection - A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits., Evolution - Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms., Speciation - A process typically caused by the genetic isolation from a main population resulting in a new genetically distinct species., Charles Darwin - English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882), Selective breeding - Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms (AKA artificial selection), Beneficial Mutation - Any change to the genetic code that results in noticeable physiological changes that are of benefit to the organism, Harmful Mutation - Is a mutation that decreases the fitness of the organism., Homologous Structures - Structures that have different forms in different organisms but develop from the same general structure. Supports idea of common ancestor., Analagous Structures - Similar function but different structure - does not show common ancestry - Ex: butterfly wing and bat wing), Vestigial Structures - A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose (ex: whale pelvis bone), Survival of the Fittest - Process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called natural selection, Adaptation - A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment., Embryology - Similarity in the appearance of embryos from different animal species that supports idea of common ancestor., Fossil evidence - The fossil record provides snapshots of the past that, when assembled, illustrate a panorama of evolutionary change over the past four billion years. The picture may be smudged in places and may have bits missing, but fossil evidence clearly shows that life is old and has changed over time., Camouflage - Many animals have evolved to exhibit some form of camouflage, which is an adaptation that allows animals to blend in with certain aspects of their environment., Law of Superposition - The top rock layer and its fossils is the youngest and the bottom is the oldest., Extinction - A term that typically describes a species that no longer has any known living individuals.,

Evolution review 8th grade

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